{"id": 1015692, "name": "Electoral democracy index (central estimate, aggregate: average)", "unit": "", "createdAt": "2025-03-18T15:39:13.000Z", "updatedAt": "2025-04-18T08:41:09.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1789-2024", "datasetId": 7010, "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "electdem_vdem__estimate_best__aggregate_method_average", "catalogPath": "grapher/democracy/2025-03-17/vdem/vdem_multi_with_regions#electdem_vdem__estimate_best__aggregate_method_average", "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1789}, {"id": 1790}, {"id": 1791}, {"id": 1792}, {"id": 1793}, {"id": 1794}, {"id": 1795}, {"id": 1796}, {"id": 1797}, {"id": 1798}, {"id": 1799}, {"id": 1800}, {"id": 1801}, {"id": 1802}, {"id": 1803}, {"id": 1804}, {"id": 1805}, {"id": 1806}, {"id": 1807}, {"id": 1808}, {"id": 1809}, {"id": 1810}, {"id": 1811}, {"id": 1812}, {"id": 1813}, {"id": 1814}, {"id": 1815}, {"id": 1816}, {"id": 1817}, {"id": 1818}, {"id": 1819}, {"id": 1820}, {"id": 1821}, {"id": 1822}, {"id": 1823}, {"id": 1824}, {"id": 1825}, {"id": 1826}, {"id": 1827}, {"id": 1828}, {"id": 1829}, {"id": 1830}, {"id": 1831}, {"id": 1832}, {"id": 1833}, {"id": 1834}, {"id": 1835}, {"id": 1836}, {"id": 1837}, {"id": 1838}, {"id": 1839}, {"id": 1840}, {"id": 1841}, {"id": 1842}, {"id": 1843}, {"id": 1844}, {"id": 1845}, {"id": 1846}, {"id": 1847}, {"id": 1848}, {"id": 1849}, {"id": 1850}, {"id": 1851}, {"id": 1852}, {"id": 1853}, {"id": 1854}, {"id": 1855}, {"id": 1856}, {"id": 1857}, {"id": 1858}, {"id": 1859}, {"id": 1860}, {"id": 1861}, {"id": 1862}, {"id": 1863}, {"id": 1864}, {"id": 1865}, {"id": 1866}, {"id": 1867}, {"id": 1868}, {"id": 1869}, {"id": 1870}, {"id": 1871}, {"id": 1872}, {"id": 1873}, {"id": 1874}, {"id": 1875}, {"id": 1876}, {"id": 1877}, {"id": 1878}, {"id": 1879}, {"id": 1880}, {"id": 1881}, {"id": 1882}, {"id": 1883}, {"id": 1884}, {"id": 1885}, {"id": 1886}, {"id": 1887}, {"id": 1888}, {"id": 1889}, {"id": 1890}, {"id": 1891}, {"id": 1892}, {"id": 1893}, {"id": 1894}, {"id": 1895}, {"id": 1896}, {"id": 1897}, {"id": 1898}, {"id": 1899}, {"id": 1900}, {"id": 1901}, {"id": 1902}, {"id": 1903}, {"id": 1904}, {"id": 1905}, {"id": 1906}, {"id": 1907}, {"id": 1908}, {"id": 1909}, {"id": 1910}, {"id": 1911}, {"id": 1912}, {"id": 1913}, {"id": 1914}, {"id": 1915}, {"id": 1916}, {"id": 1917}, {"id": 1918}, {"id": 1919}, {"id": 1920}, {"id": 1921}, {"id": 1922}, {"id": 1923}, {"id": 1924}, {"id": 1925}, {"id": 1926}, {"id": 1927}, {"id": 1928}, {"id": 1929}, {"id": 1930}, {"id": 1931}, {"id": 1932}, {"id": 1933}, {"id": 1934}, {"id": 1935}, {"id": 1936}, {"id": 1937}, {"id": 1938}, {"id": 1939}, {"id": 1940}, {"id": 1941}, {"id": 1942}, {"id": 1943}, {"id": 1944}, {"id": 1945}, {"id": 1946}, {"id": 1947}, {"id": 1948}, {"id": 1949}, {"id": 1950}, {"id": 1951}, {"id": 1952}, {"id": 1953}, {"id": 1954}, {"id": 1955}, {"id": 1956}, {"id": 1957}, {"id": 1958}, {"id": 1959}, {"id": 1960}, {"id": 1961}, {"id": 1962}, {"id": 1963}, {"id": 1964}, {"id": 1965}, {"id": 1966}, {"id": 1967}, {"id": 1968}, {"id": 1969}, {"id": 1970}, {"id": 1971}, {"id": 1972}, {"id": 1973}, {"id": 1974}, {"id": 1975}, {"id": 1976}, {"id": 1977}, {"id": 1978}, {"id": 1979}, {"id": 1980}, {"id": 1981}, {"id": 1982}, {"id": 1983}, {"id": 1984}, {"id": 1985}, {"id": 1986}, {"id": 1987}, {"id": 1988}, {"id": 1989}, {"id": 1990}, {"id": 1991}, {"id": 1992}, {"id": 1993}, {"id": 1994}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 1996}, {"id": 1997}, {"id": 1998}, {"id": 1999}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2001}, {"id": 2002}, {"id": 2003}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2005}, {"id": 2006}, {"id": 2007}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2010}, {"id": 2011}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2016}, {"id": 2017}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2019}, {"id": 2020}, {"id": 2021}, {"id": 2022}, {"id": 2023}, {"id": 2024}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 15, "name": "Afghanistan", "code": "AFG"}, {"id": 273, "name": "Africa", "code": null}, {"id": 16, "name": "Albania", "code": "ALB"}, {"id": 17, "name": "Algeria", "code": "DZA"}, {"id": 19, "name": "Angola", "code": "AGO"}, {"id": 21, "name": "Argentina", "code": "ARG"}, {"id": 22, "name": "Armenia", "code": "ARM"}, {"id": 275, "name": "Asia", "code": null}, {"id": 23, "name": "Australia", "code": "AUS"}, {"id": 24, "name": "Austria", "code": "AUT"}, {"id": 25, "name": "Azerbaijan", "code": "AZE"}, {"id": 367, "name": "Baden", "code": "OWID_BAD"}, {"id": 27, "name": "Bahrain", "code": "BHR"}, {"id": 28, "name": "Bangladesh", "code": "BGD"}, {"id": 29, "name": "Barbados", "code": "BRB"}, {"id": 364, "name": "Bavaria", "code": "OWID_BAV"}, {"id": 30, "name": "Belarus", "code": "BLR"}, {"id": 4, "name": "Belgium", "code": "BEL"}, {"id": 32, "name": "Benin", "code": "BEN"}, {"id": 33, "name": "Bhutan", "code": "BTN"}, {"id": 34, "name": "Bolivia", "code": "BOL"}, {"id": 35, "name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "code": "BIH"}, {"id": 36, "name": "Botswana", "code": "BWA"}, {"id": 37, "name": "Brazil", "code": "BRA"}, {"id": 43955, "name": "Brunswick", "code": null}, {"id": 39, "name": "Bulgaria", "code": "BGR"}, {"id": 40, "name": "Burkina Faso", "code": "BFA"}, {"id": 41, "name": "Burundi", "code": "BDI"}, {"id": 42, "name": "Cambodia", "code": "KHM"}, {"id": 43, "name": "Cameroon", "code": "CMR"}, {"id": 44, "name": "Canada", "code": "CAN"}, {"id": 45, "name": "Cape Verde", "code": "CPV"}, {"id": 174, "name": "Central African Republic", "code": "CAF"}, {"id": 173, "name": "Chad", "code": "TCD"}, {"id": 172, "name": "Chile", "code": "CHL"}, {"id": 171, "name": "China", "code": "CHN"}, {"id": 170, "name": "Colombia", "code": "COL"}, {"id": 169, "name": "Comoros", "code": "COM"}, {"id": 168, "name": "Congo", "code": "COG"}, {"id": 166, "name": "Costa Rica", "code": "CRI"}, {"id": 143, "name": "Cote d'Ivoire", "code": "CIV"}, {"id": 165, "name": "Croatia", "code": "HRV"}, {"id": 164, "name": "Cuba", "code": "CUB"}, {"id": 163, "name": "Cyprus", "code": "CYP"}, {"id": 162, "name": "Czechia", "code": "CZE"}, {"id": 167, "name": "Democratic Republic of Congo", "code": "COD"}, {"id": 571, "name": "Democratic Republic of Vietnam", "code": null}, {"id": 161, "name": "Denmark", "code": "DNK"}, {"id": 154, "name": "Djibouti", "code": "DJI"}, {"id": 160, "name": "Dominican Republic", "code": "DOM"}, {"id": 369454, "name": "Duchy of Nassau", "code": null}, {"id": 186, "name": "East Germany", "code": "OWID_GDR"}, {"id": 225, "name": "East Timor", "code": "TLS"}, {"id": 201, "name": "Ecuador", "code": "ECU"}, {"id": 65, "name": "Egypt", "code": "EGY"}, {"id": 259, "name": "El Salvador", "code": "SLV"}, {"id": 159, "name": "Equatorial Guinea", "code": "GNQ"}, {"id": 157, "name": "Eritrea", "code": "ERI"}, {"id": 156, "name": "Estonia", "code": "EST"}, {"id": 78, "name": "Eswatini", "code": "SWZ"}, {"id": 158, "name": "Ethiopia", "code": "ETH"}, {"id": 276, "name": "Europe", "code": null}, {"id": 202, "name": "Fiji", "code": "FJI"}, {"id": 155, "name": "Finland", "code": "FIN"}, {"id": 3, "name": "France", "code": "FRA"}, {"id": 153, "name": "Gabon", "code": "GAB"}, {"id": 151, "name": "Gambia", "code": "GMB"}, {"id": 152, "name": "Georgia", "code": "GEO"}, {"id": 6, "name": "Germany", "code": "DEU"}, {"id": 150, "name": "Ghana", "code": "GHA"}, {"id": 149, "name": "Greece", "code": "GRC"}, {"id": 148, "name": "Guatemala", "code": "GTM"}, {"id": 147, "name": "Guinea", "code": "GIN"}, {"id": 94, "name": "Guinea-Bissau", "code": "GNB"}, {"id": 146, "name": "Guyana", "code": "GUY"}, {"id": 145, "name": "Haiti", "code": "HTI"}, {"id": 36702, "name": "Hamburg", "code": null}, {"id": 363, "name": "Hanover", "code": "OWID_HAN"}, {"id": 370, "name": "Hesse Electoral", "code": "OWID_HSE"}, {"id": 371, "name": "Hesse Grand Ducal", "code": "OWID_HSG"}, {"id": 139, "name": "Honduras", "code": "HND"}, {"id": 144, "name": "Hong Kong", "code": "HKG"}, {"id": 138, "name": "Hungary", "code": "HUN"}, {"id": 207, "name": "Iceland", "code": "ISL"}, {"id": 137, "name": "India", "code": "IND"}, {"id": 136, "name": "Indonesia", "code": "IDN"}, {"id": 135, "name": "Iran", "code": "IRN"}, {"id": 134, "name": "Iraq", "code": "IRQ"}, {"id": 2, "name": "Ireland", "code": "IRL"}, {"id": 133, "name": "Israel", "code": "ISR"}, {"id": 8, "name": "Italy", "code": "ITA"}, {"id": 132, "name": "Jamaica", "code": "JAM"}, {"id": 14, "name": "Japan", "code": "JPN"}, {"id": 130, "name": "Jordan", "code": "JOR"}, {"id": 131, "name": "Kazakhstan", "code": "KAZ"}, {"id": 129, "name": "Kenya", "code": "KEN"}, {"id": 379, "name": "Kosovo", "code": "OWID_KOS"}, {"id": 208, "name": "Kuwait", "code": "KWT"}, {"id": 126, "name": "Kyrgyzstan", "code": "KGZ"}, {"id": 125, "name": "Laos", "code": "LAO"}, {"id": 122, "name": "Latvia", "code": "LVA"}, {"id": 124, "name": "Lebanon", "code": "LBN"}, {"id": 123, "name": "Lesotho", "code": "LSO"}, {"id": 121, "name": "Liberia", "code": "LBR"}, {"id": 120, "name": "Libya", "code": "LBY"}, {"id": 119, "name": "Lithuania", "code": "LTU"}, {"id": 210, "name": "Luxembourg", "code": "LUX"}, {"id": 118, "name": "Madagascar", "code": "MDG"}, {"id": 117, "name": "Malawi", "code": "MWI"}, {"id": 116, "name": "Malaysia", "code": "MYS"}, {"id": 211, "name": "Maldives", "code": "MDV"}, {"id": 115, "name": "Mali", "code": "MLI"}, {"id": 212, "name": "Malta", "code": "MLT"}, {"id": 114, "name": "Mauritania", "code": "MRT"}, {"id": 213, "name": "Mauritius", "code": "MUS"}, {"id": 372, "name": "Mecklenburg Schwerin", "code": "OWID_MEC"}, {"id": 113, "name": "Mexico", "code": "MEX"}, {"id": 376, "name": "Modena", "code": "OWID_MOD"}, {"id": 111, "name": "Moldova", "code": "MDA"}, {"id": 112, "name": "Mongolia", "code": "MNG"}, {"id": 215, "name": "Montenegro", "code": "MNE"}, {"id": 110, "name": "Morocco", "code": "MAR"}, {"id": 109, "name": "Mozambique", "code": "MOZ"}, {"id": 142, "name": "Myanmar", "code": "MMR"}, {"id": 108, "name": "Namibia", "code": "NAM"}, {"id": 107, "name": "Nepal", "code": "NPL"}, {"id": 5, "name": "Netherlands", "code": "NLD"}, {"id": 106, "name": "New Zealand", "code": "NZL"}, {"id": 105, "name": "Nicaragua", "code": "NIC"}, {"id": 104, "name": "Niger", "code": "NER"}, {"id": 103, "name": "Nigeria", "code": "NGA"}, {"id": 294, "name": "North America", "code": null}, {"id": 128, "name": "North Korea", "code": "PRK"}, {"id": 66, "name": "North Macedonia", "code": "MKD"}, {"id": 102, "name": "Norway", "code": "NOR"}, {"id": 277, "name": "Oceania", "code": null}, {"id": 37456, "name": "Oldenburg", "code": null}, {"id": 217, "name": "Oman", "code": "OMN"}, {"id": 101, "name": "Pakistan", "code": "PAK"}, {"id": 140, "name": "Palestine", "code": "PSE"}, {"id": 43961, "name": "Palestine/Gaza", "code": null}, {"id": 43960, "name": "Palestine/West Bank", "code": null}, {"id": 100, "name": "Panama", "code": "PAN"}, {"id": 99, "name": "Papua New Guinea", "code": "PNG"}, {"id": 98, "name": "Paraguay", "code": "PRY"}, {"id": 377, "name": "Parma", "code": "OWID_PMA"}, {"id": 97, "name": "Peru", "code": "PER"}, {"id": 96, "name": "Philippines", "code": "PHL"}, {"id": 35271, "name": "Piedmont-Sardinia", "code": null}, {"id": 11, "name": "Poland", "code": "POL"}, {"id": 95, "name": "Portugal", "code": "PRT"}, {"id": 226, "name": "Qatar", "code": "QAT"}, {"id": 384, "name": "Republic of Vietnam", "code": "OWID_RVN"}, {"id": 92, "name": "Romania", "code": "ROU"}, {"id": 12, "name": "Russia", "code": "RUS"}, {"id": 91, "name": "Rwanda", "code": "RWA"}, {"id": 232, "name": "Sao Tome and Principe", "code": "STP"}, {"id": 90, "name": "Saudi Arabia", "code": "SAU"}, {"id": 43962, "name": "Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach", "code": null}, {"id": 368, "name": "Saxony", "code": "OWID_SAX"}, {"id": 89, "name": "Senegal", "code": "SEN"}, {"id": 88, "name": "Serbia", "code": "SRB"}, {"id": 233, "name": "Seychelles", "code": "SYC"}, {"id": 87, "name": "Sierra Leone", "code": "SLE"}, {"id": 86, "name": "Singapore", "code": "SGP"}, {"id": 85, "name": "Slovakia", "code": "SVK"}, {"id": 83, "name": "Slovenia", "code": "SVN"}, {"id": 195, "name": "Solomon Islands", "code": "SLB"}, {"id": 82, "name": "Somalia", "code": "SOM"}, {"id": 393, "name": "Somaliland", "code": "OWID_SML"}, {"id": 81, "name": "South Africa", "code": "ZAF"}, {"id": 295, "name": "South America", "code": null}, {"id": 127, "name": "South Korea", "code": "KOR"}, {"id": 258, "name": "South Sudan", "code": "SSD"}, {"id": 9, "name": "Spain", "code": "ESP"}, {"id": 141, "name": "Sri Lanka", "code": "LKA"}, {"id": 79, "name": "Sudan", "code": "SDN"}, {"id": 234, "name": "Suriname", "code": "SUR"}, {"id": 10, "name": "Sweden", "code": "SWE"}, {"id": 7, "name": "Switzerland", "code": "CHE"}, {"id": 77, "name": "Syria", "code": "SYR"}, {"id": 198, "name": "Taiwan", "code": "TWN"}, {"id": 76, "name": "Tajikistan", "code": "TJK"}, {"id": 64, "name": "Tanzania", "code": "TZA"}, {"id": 75, "name": "Thailand", "code": "THA"}, {"id": 74, "name": "Togo", "code": "TGO"}, {"id": 73, "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "code": "TTO"}, {"id": 71, "name": "Tunisia", "code": "TUN"}, {"id": 70, "name": "Turkey", "code": "TUR"}, {"id": 69, "name": "Turkmenistan", "code": "TKM"}, {"id": 378, "name": "Tuscany", "code": "OWID_TUS"}, {"id": 375, "name": "Two Sicilies", "code": "OWID_SIC"}, {"id": 68, "name": "Uganda", "code": "UGA"}, {"id": 67, "name": "Ukraine", "code": "UKR"}, {"id": 72, "name": "United Arab Emirates", "code": "ARE"}, {"id": 1, "name": "United Kingdom", "code": "GBR"}, {"id": 13, "name": "United States", "code": "USA"}, {"id": 63, "name": "Uruguay", "code": "URY"}, {"id": 62, "name": "Uzbekistan", "code": "UZB"}, {"id": 221, "name": "Vanuatu", "code": "VUT"}, {"id": 257, "name": "Vatican", "code": "VAT"}, {"id": 238, "name": "Venezuela", "code": "VEN"}, {"id": 84, "name": "Vietnam", "code": "VNM"}, {"id": 185, "name": "West Germany", "code": "OWID_GFR"}, {"id": 355, "name": "World", "code": "OWID_WRL"}, {"id": 369453, "name": "Wurttemberg", "code": null}, {"id": 61, "name": "Yemen", "code": "YEM"}, {"id": 381, "name": "Yemen Arab Republic", "code": "OWID_YAR"}, {"id": 382, "name": "Yemen People's Republic", "code": "OWID_YPR"}, {"id": 60, "name": "Zambia", "code": "ZMB"}, {"id": 380, "name": "Zanzibar", "code": "OWID_ZAN"}, {"id": 80, "name": "Zimbabwe", "code": "ZWE"}]}}, "descriptionShort": "Central estimate of the extent to which political leaders are elected under comprehensive suffrage in free and fair elections, and freedoms of association and expression are guaranteed.", "descriptionFromProducer": "Question: To what extent is the ideal of electoral democracy in its fullest sense achieved?\nClarification: The electoral principle of democracy seeks to embody the core value of making rulers responsive to citizens, achieved through electoral competition for the electorate's approval under circumstances when suffrage is extensive; political and civil society organizations can operate freely; elections are clean and not marred by fraud or systematic irregularities; and elections affect the composition of the chief executive of the country. In between elections, there is freedom of expression and an independent media capable of presenting alternative views on matters of political relevance. In the V-Dem conceptual scheme, electoral democracy is understood as an essential element of any other conception of representative democracy \u2014 liberal, participatory, deliberative, egalitarian, or some other.\n\nScale: Interval, from low to high (0-1).\n\nV-Dem indicator name: `v2x_polyarchy`", "descriptionProcessing": "The regional aggregates (including values for the World) have been estimated by averaging the country values.", "type": "float", "grapherConfigIdETL": "0195a9e8-afc1-74b4-a92d-749421d9971e", "dataChecksum": "14820659268943550083", "metadataChecksum": "-9035151231905965970", "datasetName": "V-Dem Country-Year (Full + Others)", "updatePeriodDays": 365, "datasetVersion": "2025-03-17", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"numDecimalPlaces": 2}, "schemaVersion": 2, "presentation": {"titlePublic": "Electoral democracy index", "titleVariant": "(central estimate)", "topicTagsLinks": ["Democracy"]}, "origins": [{"id": 3414, "titleSnapshot": "V-Dem Country-Year (Full + Others)", "title": "Democracy report", "description": "The Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project publishes data and research on democracy and human rights.\n\nIt acknowledges that democracy can be characterized differently and measures electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian characterizations of democracy.\n\nThe project relies on evaluations by around 3,500 country experts and supplementary work by its researchers to assess political institutions and the protection of rights.\n\nThe project is managed by the V-Dem Institute, based at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden.\n\nThis snapshot contains all 531 V-Dem indicators and 245 indices + 60 other indicators from other data sources.\n\nFor more information, please refer to https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/", "producer": "V-Dem", "citationFull": "Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Fabio Angiolillo, Michael Bernhard, Agnes Cornell, M. Steven Fish, Linnea Fox, Lisa Gastaldi, Haakon Gjerl\u00f8w, Adam Glynn, Ana Good God, Sandra Grahn, Allen Hicken, Katrin Kinzelbach, Joshua Krusell, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Natalia Natsika, Anja Neundorf, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Johannes von R\u00f6mer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jeffrey Staton, Aksel Sundstr\u00f6m, Marcus Tannenberg, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Felix Wiebrecht, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson and Daniel Ziblatt. 2025. \"V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v15\" Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemds25\n\nPemstein, Daniel, Kyle L. Marquardt, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Juraj Medzihorsky, Joshua Krusell, Farhad Miri, and Johannes von R\u00f6mer. 2025. \u201cThe V-Dem Measurement Model: Latent Variable Analysis for Cross-National and Cross-Temporal Expert-Coded Data\u201d. V-Dem Working Paper No. 21. 10th edition. University of Gothenburg: Varieties of Democracy Institute.;\n\nTeorell et al. (2019), 'Measuring Polyarchy Across the Globe, 1900-2017', Studies in Comparative International Development 54(1), 71-95.", "versionProducer": "v15", "urlMain": "https://v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/", "dateAccessed": "2025-03-17", "datePublished": "2025-03-13", "license": {"url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "name": "CC BY 4.0"}}]}