{"id": 998355, "name": "Annual consumption-based CO\u2082 emissions per GDP (kg per international-$)", "unit": "kilograms per international-$", "createdAt": "2024-11-22T12:25:59.000Z", "updatedAt": "2025-09-15T11:05:56.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1990-2022", "datasetId": 6811, "shortUnit": "kg/$", "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "consumption_emissions_per_gdp", "catalogPath": "grapher/gcp/2024-11-21/global_carbon_budget/global_carbon_budget#consumption_emissions_per_gdp", "descriptionShort": "Annual consumption-based emissions of carbon dioxide (CO\u2082), measured in kilograms per dollar of GDP (2011 international-$).", "descriptionProcessing": "- Global emissions are converted from tonnes of carbon to tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) using a factor of 3.664. This is the conversion factor [recommended by the Global Carbon Project](https://globalcarbonbudgetdata.org/downloads/jGJH0-data/Global+Carbon+Budget+v2024+Dataset+Descriptions.pdf). It reflects that one tonne of carbon, when fully oxidized, forms 3.664 tonnes of CO\u2082, based on the relative molecular weights of carbon and oxygen in CO\u2082.\n- Emissions from the 1991 Kuwaiti oil fires are included in Kuwait's emissions for that year.\n", "type": "float", "dataChecksum": "1989057551747044690", "metadataChecksum": "612198931080496536", "datasetName": "Global Carbon Budget", "updatePeriodDays": 365, "datasetVersion": "2024-11-21", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"unit": "kilograms per international-$", "shortUnit": "kg/$"}, "schemaVersion": 2, "processingLevel": "major", "presentation": {"topicTagsLinks": ["CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions"]}, "descriptionKey": ["Consumption-based emissions attribute the emissions generated in the production of goods and services according to where they were _consumed_, rather than where they were _produced_.", "The data is calculated by adjusting 'production-based' emissions (emissions produced domestically) for trade: Consumption-based emissions equals production-based emissions, _minus_ emissions embedded in exports, _plus_ emissions embedded in imports.", "If a country's consumption-based emissions are higher than its production emissions it is a net importer of carbon dioxide. If its consumption-based emissions are lower, then it is a net exporter.", "Consumption-based emissions are not available for all countries because not all countries have sufficient, high-quality trade data. But those without complete data are a small fraction (3%) of the global total.", "This data measures carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) emissions from fossil fuels and industry and does not include emissions from land use change, deforestation, soils, or vegetation.", "Emissions from international aviation and shipping are not included in the data for any individual country or region. They are only counted in the global total."], "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1990}, {"id": 1991}, {"id": 1992}, {"id": 1993}, {"id": 1994}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 1996}, {"id": 1997}, {"id": 1998}, {"id": 1999}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2001}, {"id": 2002}, {"id": 2003}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2005}, {"id": 2006}, {"id": 2007}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2010}, {"id": 2011}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2016}, {"id": 2017}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2019}, {"id": 2020}, {"id": 2021}, {"id": 2022}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 273, "name": "Africa", "code": null}, {"id": 16, "name": "Albania", "code": "ALB"}, {"id": 21, "name": "Argentina", "code": "ARG"}, {"id": 22, "name": "Armenia", "code": "ARM"}, {"id": 275, "name": "Asia", "code": null}, {"id": 350243, "name": "Asia (excl. China and India)", "code": null}, {"id": 23, "name": "Australia", "code": "AUS"}, {"id": 24, "name": "Austria", "code": "AUT"}, {"id": 25, "name": "Azerbaijan", "code": "AZE"}, {"id": 27, "name": "Bahrain", "code": "BHR"}, {"id": 28, "name": "Bangladesh", "code": "BGD"}, {"id": 30, "name": "Belarus", "code": "BLR"}, {"id": 4, "name": "Belgium", "code": "BEL"}, {"id": 32, "name": "Benin", "code": "BEN"}, {"id": 34, "name": "Bolivia", "code": "BOL"}, {"id": 36, "name": "Botswana", "code": "BWA"}, {"id": 37, "name": "Brazil", "code": "BRA"}, {"id": 39, "name": "Bulgaria", "code": "BGR"}, {"id": 40, "name": "Burkina Faso", "code": "BFA"}, {"id": 42, "name": "Cambodia", "code": "KHM"}, {"id": 43, "name": "Cameroon", "code": "CMR"}, {"id": 44, "name": "Canada", "code": "CAN"}, {"id": 172, "name": "Chile", "code": "CHL"}, {"id": 171, "name": "China", "code": "CHN"}, {"id": 170, "name": "Colombia", "code": "COL"}, {"id": 166, "name": "Costa Rica", "code": "CRI"}, {"id": 143, "name": "Cote d'Ivoire", "code": "CIV"}, {"id": 165, "name": "Croatia", "code": "HRV"}, {"id": 163, "name": "Cyprus", "code": "CYP"}, {"id": 162, "name": "Czechia", "code": "CZE"}, {"id": 161, "name": "Denmark", "code": "DNK"}, {"id": 160, "name": "Dominican Republic", "code": "DOM"}, {"id": 201, "name": "Ecuador", "code": "ECU"}, {"id": 65, "name": "Egypt", "code": "EGY"}, {"id": 259, "name": "El Salvador", "code": "SLV"}, {"id": 156, "name": "Estonia", "code": "EST"}, {"id": 158, "name": "Ethiopia", "code": "ETH"}, {"id": 276, "name": "Europe", "code": null}, {"id": 135115, "name": "Europe (excl. EU-27)", "code": null}, {"id": 135116, "name": "Europe (excl. EU-28)", "code": null}, {"id": 115117, "name": "European Union (27)", "code": null}, {"id": 274908, "name": "European Union (28)", "code": null}, {"id": 155, "name": "Finland", "code": "FIN"}, {"id": 3, "name": "France", "code": "FRA"}, {"id": 152, "name": "Georgia", "code": "GEO"}, {"id": 6, "name": "Germany", "code": "DEU"}, {"id": 150, "name": "Ghana", "code": "GHA"}, {"id": 149, "name": "Greece", "code": "GRC"}, {"id": 148, "name": "Guatemala", "code": "GTM"}, {"id": 147, "name": "Guinea", "code": "GIN"}, {"id": 457, "name": "High-income countries", "code": null}, {"id": 139, "name": "Honduras", "code": "HND"}, {"id": 144, "name": "Hong Kong", "code": "HKG"}, {"id": 138, "name": "Hungary", "code": "HUN"}, {"id": 137, "name": "India", "code": "IND"}, {"id": 136, "name": "Indonesia", "code": "IDN"}, {"id": 135, "name": "Iran", "code": "IRN"}, {"id": 2, "name": "Ireland", "code": "IRL"}, {"id": 133, "name": "Israel", "code": "ISR"}, {"id": 8, "name": "Italy", "code": "ITA"}, {"id": 132, "name": "Jamaica", "code": "JAM"}, {"id": 14, "name": "Japan", "code": "JPN"}, {"id": 130, "name": "Jordan", "code": "JOR"}, {"id": 131, "name": "Kazakhstan", "code": "KAZ"}, {"id": 129, "name": "Kenya", "code": "KEN"}, {"id": 208, "name": "Kuwait", "code": "KWT"}, {"id": 126, "name": "Kyrgyzstan", "code": "KGZ"}, {"id": 125, "name": "Laos", "code": "LAO"}, {"id": 122, "name": "Latvia", "code": "LVA"}, {"id": 119, "name": "Lithuania", "code": "LTU"}, {"id": 461, "name": "Low-income countries", "code": null}, {"id": 460, "name": "Lower-middle-income countries", "code": null}, {"id": 210, "name": "Luxembourg", "code": "LUX"}, {"id": 118, "name": "Madagascar", "code": "MDG"}, {"id": 117, "name": "Malawi", "code": "MWI"}, {"id": 116, "name": "Malaysia", "code": "MYS"}, {"id": 212, "name": "Malta", "code": "MLT"}, {"id": 213, "name": "Mauritius", "code": "MUS"}, {"id": 113, "name": "Mexico", "code": "MEX"}, {"id": 112, "name": "Mongolia", "code": "MNG"}, {"id": 110, "name": "Morocco", "code": "MAR"}, {"id": 109, "name": "Mozambique", "code": "MOZ"}, {"id": 108, "name": "Namibia", "code": "NAM"}, {"id": 107, "name": "Nepal", "code": "NPL"}, {"id": 5, "name": "Netherlands", "code": "NLD"}, {"id": 106, "name": "New Zealand", "code": "NZL"}, {"id": 105, "name": "Nicaragua", "code": "NIC"}, {"id": 103, "name": "Nigeria", "code": "NGA"}, {"id": 294, "name": "North America", "code": null}, {"id": 135117, "name": "North America (excl. USA)", "code": null}, {"id": 102, "name": "Norway", "code": "NOR"}, {"id": 277, "name": "Oceania", "code": null}, {"id": 217, "name": "Oman", "code": "OMN"}, {"id": 101, "name": "Pakistan", "code": "PAK"}, {"id": 100, "name": "Panama", "code": "PAN"}, {"id": 98, "name": "Paraguay", "code": "PRY"}, {"id": 97, "name": "Peru", "code": "PER"}, {"id": 96, "name": "Philippines", "code": "PHL"}, {"id": 11, "name": "Poland", "code": "POL"}, {"id": 95, "name": "Portugal", "code": "PRT"}, {"id": 226, "name": "Qatar", "code": "QAT"}, {"id": 92, "name": "Romania", "code": "ROU"}, {"id": 12, "name": "Russia", "code": "RUS"}, {"id": 91, "name": "Rwanda", "code": "RWA"}, {"id": 90, "name": "Saudi Arabia", "code": "SAU"}, {"id": 89, "name": "Senegal", "code": "SEN"}, {"id": 86, "name": "Singapore", "code": "SGP"}, {"id": 85, "name": "Slovakia", "code": "SVK"}, {"id": 83, "name": "Slovenia", "code": "SVN"}, {"id": 81, "name": "South Africa", "code": "ZAF"}, {"id": 295, "name": "South America", "code": null}, {"id": 127, "name": "South Korea", "code": "KOR"}, {"id": 9, "name": "Spain", "code": "ESP"}, {"id": 141, "name": "Sri Lanka", "code": "LKA"}, {"id": 10, "name": "Sweden", "code": "SWE"}, {"id": 7, "name": "Switzerland", "code": "CHE"}, {"id": 198, "name": "Taiwan", "code": "TWN"}, {"id": 76, "name": "Tajikistan", "code": "TJK"}, {"id": 64, "name": "Tanzania", "code": "TZA"}, {"id": 75, "name": "Thailand", "code": "THA"}, {"id": 74, "name": "Togo", "code": "TGO"}, {"id": 73, "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "code": "TTO"}, {"id": 71, "name": "Tunisia", "code": "TUN"}, {"id": 70, "name": "Turkey", "code": "TUR"}, {"id": 68, "name": "Uganda", "code": "UGA"}, {"id": 67, "name": "Ukraine", "code": "UKR"}, {"id": 72, "name": "United Arab Emirates", "code": "ARE"}, {"id": 1, "name": "United Kingdom", "code": "GBR"}, {"id": 13, "name": "United States", "code": "USA"}, {"id": 459, "name": "Upper-middle-income countries", "code": null}, {"id": 63, "name": "Uruguay", "code": "URY"}, {"id": 238, "name": "Venezuela", "code": "VEN"}, {"id": 84, "name": "Vietnam", "code": "VNM"}, {"id": 355, "name": "World", "code": "OWID_WRL"}, {"id": 60, "name": "Zambia", "code": "ZMB"}, {"id": 80, "name": "Zimbabwe", "code": "ZWE"}]}}, "origins": [{"id": 6791, "titleSnapshot": "Global Carbon Budget - National emissions", "title": "Global Carbon Budget", "description": "The Global Carbon Budget was established by the Global Carbon Project (GCP) to track global carbon emissions and sinks.\n\nThis dataset makes it possible to assess whether countries are making progress toward the goals of the Paris Agreement and is widely recognized as the most comprehensive report of its kind.\n\nSince 2001, the GCP has published estimates of global and national fossil CO\u2082 emissions. Initially, these were simple republished data from other sources, but over time, refinements were made based on feedback and correction of inaccuracies.", "producer": "Global Carbon Project", "citationFull": "Andrew, R. M., & Peters, G. P. (2024). The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset (2024v17) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13981696\n\nThe data files of the Global Carbon Budget can be found at: https://globalcarbonbudget.org/carbonbudget/\n\nFor more details, see the original paper:\nFriedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landsch\u00fctzer, P., Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Dou, X., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Gasser, T., Ghattas, J., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., G\u00fcrses, \u00d6., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A., Jarn\u00edkov\u00e1, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Joos, F., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., K\u00f6rtzinger, A., Lan, X., Lef\u00e8vre, N., Li, H., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Meyer, G., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paulsen, M., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Powis, C. M., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., R\u00f6denbeck, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., S\u00e9f\u00e9rian, R., Smallman, T. L., Smith, S. M., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., van Ooijen, E., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Wimart-Rousseau, C., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.: Global Carbon Budget 2023, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5301-5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, 2023.", "attribution": "Global Carbon Budget (2024)", "urlMain": "https://globalcarbonbudget.org/", "dateAccessed": "2024-11-21", "datePublished": "2024-11-21", "license": {"url": "https://www.icos-cp.eu/data-services/about-data-portal/data-license", "name": "CC BY 4.0"}}, {"id": 7167, "title": "Maddison Project Database", "description": "The Maddison Project Database provides information on comparative economic growth and income levels over the very long run. The 2023 version of this database covers 169 countries and the period up to 2022. The new estimates are presented and discussed in Bolt and Van Zanden (2024), \"Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update\", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1\u201341.", "producer": "Bolt and van Zanden", "citationFull": "- Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2024), \"Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update\", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1\u201341. DOI: 10.1111/joes.12618.\n- The Maddison Project Database builds on the efforts of many researchers who have carefully reconstructed historical data on economic growth and population for individual countries. You can find the full list of sources in [the original dataset](https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421302).", "attribution": "Bolt and van Zanden \u2013 Maddison Project Database 2023", "attributionShort": "Maddison Project Database", "versionProducer": "2023", "urlMain": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023", "urlDownload": "https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421302", "dateAccessed": "2024-04-26", "datePublished": "2024-04-26", "license": {"url": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023", "name": "CC BY 4.0"}}]}