{"id": 901297, "name": "GDP", "unit": "international-$ in 2021 prices", "createdAt": "2024-05-16T15:10:12.000Z", "updatedAt": "2026-03-04T09:24:39.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1-2024", "datasetId": 6518, "shortUnit": "$", "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "gdp", "catalogPath": "grapher/growth/2024-05-16/gdp_historical/gdp_historical#gdp", "descriptionShort": "Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the total value added from the production of goods and services in a country or region each year. This data is adjusted for inflation and for differences in living costs between countries.", "descriptionFromProducer": "", "descriptionProcessing": "The data presented here from 1990 onwards is from the World Bank. We constructed the data before 1990 using the 1990 World Bank observation and applying the growth rates implied by the Maddison Project Database. Similarly, we built the data before 1820 using the adjusted 1820 estimate calculated by the previous method and applying the growth rates implied by the Maddison Database. These steps are necessary because World Bank data adjusted for inflation and the cost of living between countries is only available from 1990 onwards and also because the three datasets estimate GDP with different prices.\n\nWe rounded the adjusted results before 1990 to address uncertainty in the underlying data. We rounded GDP data to the nearest million, and GDP to the nearest hundred.", "type": "int", "grapherConfigIdETL": "0191c16a-91b0-747d-b4cf-d9a0d00d2b52", "dataChecksum": "11264604200889403134", "metadataChecksum": "-8691230771524938324", "datasetName": "Global economic growth in the long run", "updatePeriodDays": 365, "datasetVersion": "2024-05-16", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"name": "GDP", "unit": "international-$ in 2021 prices", "shortUnit": "$", "numDecimalPlaces": 0}, "schemaVersion": 2, "processingLevel": "major", "presentation": {"titlePublic": "Global GDP over the long run", "titleVariant": "In constant international-$. Historical data", "attributionShort": "Maddison Database, Maddison Project Database, World Bank", "topicTagsLinks": ["Economic Growth"], "faqs": [{"gdocId": "1gGburArxglFdHXeTLotFW4TOOLoeRq5XW6UfAdKtaAw", "fragmentId": "poverty-international-dollars"}]}, "descriptionKey": ["Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the total value added from the production of goods and services in a country or region each year.", "This global GDP indicator provides information on global economic growth and income levels in the very long run. Estimates are available as far back as 1 CE.", "This data is adjusted for inflation and for differences in living costs between countries.", "This data is expressed in [international-$](#dod:int_dollar_abbreviation) at 2021 prices, combining data from the Maddison Database, Maddison Project Database, and World Bank."], "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1}, {"id": 1000}, {"id": 1500}, {"id": 1600}, {"id": 1700}, {"id": 1820}, {"id": 1850}, {"id": 1870}, {"id": 1900}, {"id": 1920}, {"id": 1940}, {"id": 1950}, {"id": 1960}, {"id": 1970}, {"id": 1980}, {"id": 1990}, {"id": 1991}, {"id": 1992}, {"id": 1993}, {"id": 1994}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 1996}, {"id": 1997}, {"id": 1998}, {"id": 1999}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2001}, {"id": 2002}, {"id": 2003}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2005}, {"id": 2006}, {"id": 2007}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2010}, {"id": 2011}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2016}, {"id": 2017}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2019}, {"id": 2020}, {"id": 2021}, {"id": 2022}, {"id": 2023}, {"id": 2024}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 355, "name": "World", "code": "OWID_WRL"}]}}, "origins": [{"id": 13317, "title": "World Development Indicators", "description": "The World Development Indicators (WDI) database, published by the World Bank, is a comprehensive collection of global development data, providing key economic, social, and environmental statistics. It includes over 1,500 indicators covering more than 200 countries and territories, with data spanning several decades.WDI serves as a vital resource for policymakers, researchers, businesses, and analysts seeking to understand global trends and make data-driven decisions. The database covers a wide range of topics, including economic growth, education, health, poverty, trade, energy, infrastructure, governance, and environmental sustainability.The indicators are sourced from reputable national and international agencies, ensuring high-quality, consistent, and comparable data. Users can access the database through interactive online tools, API services, and downloadable datasets, facilitating detailed analysis and visualization.WDI is also used for tracking progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other global development initiatives. By providing accessible and reliable statistics, it helps to inform policy discussions and strategies globally.Whether for academic research, policy planning, or economic analysis, the World Development Indicators database is an essential tool for understanding and addressing global development challenges.", "producer": "Eurostat, OECD, IMF, and World Bank", "citationFull": "International Comparison Program (ICP), World Bank (WB), uri: https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/icp/data, note: This information is for ICP\u2019s PPPs utilized in WDI, publisher: International Comparison Program (ICP), date accessed: May 30, 2024, date published: May 30, 2024;\nThe Eurostat PPP Programme, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/explore/all/all_themes, publisher: Eurostat;\nThe OECD PPP Programme, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), uri: https://data-explorer.oecd.org/, publisher: OECD;\nStaff estimates, World Bank (WB);\nNational Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD);\nWorld Economic Outlook database, International Monetary Fund (IMF). Indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.KD (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.KD). World Development Indicators - World Bank (2026). Accessed on 2026-02-27.", "versionProducer": "125", "urlMain": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.KD", "urlDownload": "https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/WDI_CSV.zip", "dateAccessed": "2026-02-27", "datePublished": "2026-01-28", "license": {"url": "https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/search/dataset/0037712/World-Development-Indicators", "name": "CC BY 4.0"}}, {"id": 7167, "title": "Maddison Project Database", "description": "The Maddison Project Database provides information on comparative economic growth and income levels over the very long run. The 2023 version of this database covers 169 countries and the period up to 2022. The new estimates are presented and discussed in Bolt and Van Zanden (2024), \"Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update\", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1\u201341.", "producer": "Bolt and van Zanden", "citationFull": "- Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2024), \"Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update\", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1\u201341. DOI: 10.1111/joes.12618.\n- The Maddison Project Database builds on the efforts of many researchers who have carefully reconstructed historical data on economic growth and population for individual countries. You can find the full list of sources in [the original dataset](https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421302).", "attribution": "Bolt and van Zanden \u2013 Maddison Project Database 2023", "attributionShort": "Maddison Project Database", "versionProducer": "2023", "urlMain": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023", "urlDownload": "https://dataverse.nl/api/access/datafile/421302", "dateAccessed": "2024-04-26", "datePublished": "2024-04-26", "license": {"url": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023", "name": "CC BY 4.0"}}, {"id": 657, "title": "Maddison Database", "description": "The final database version provided by Angus Maddison, covering world population, GDP and per capita GDP from 1-2008 AD.", "producer": "Angus Maddison", "citationFull": "Maddison, A. (2010). Maddison Database 2010. Retrieved from https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-database-2010", "attribution": "Maddison Database 2010", "attributionShort": "Maddison", "versionProducer": "2010", "urlMain": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-database-2010", "urlDownload": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/data/md2010_vertical.xlsx", "dateAccessed": "2022-12-23", "datePublished": "2010", "license": {"url": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-database-2010", "name": "CC BY 4.0"}}]}