{"id": 817636, "name": "Lower bound of performance of 15-year-old  on the science scale", "unit": "score", "createdAt": "2023-12-14T15:04:34.000Z", "updatedAt": "2025-07-14T20:02:26.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "2006-2022", "datasetId": 6319, "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "science_lower_bound", "catalogPath": "grapher/oecd/2023-12-06/pisa/pisa_math_boys_girls#science_lower_bound", "descriptionShort": "Assessed through the PISA science scale, which assesses how comfortable and knowledgeable someone is with science topics, focusing on their ability to discuss and think about scientific issues in everyday life.", "descriptionFromProducer": "Represents the lower bound of the average science score for 15-year-old  on the PISA scale. Initially, the average PISA score across subjects and all OECD countries was at 500 with a standard deviation of 100, so that most students scored between 400 and 600. Scores in later cycles were calibrated to remain comparable to this baseline.", "descriptionProcessing": "Calculated as the average science score minus 1.96 times the standard error, representing the lower bounds of a 95% confidence interval.", "type": "float", "grapherConfigIdETL": "01980a88-1177-70f8-9628-ae0fd01b4325", "dataChecksum": "9572653638685787595", "metadataChecksum": "979201800079380980", "datasetName": "PISA Database", "updatePeriodDays": 365, "datasetVersion": "2023-12-06", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"name": "Lower bound science score", "unit": "score", "numDecimalPlaces": 0}, "schemaVersion": 2, "processingLevel": "minor", "presentation": {"topicTagsLinks": ["Global Education"]}, "descriptionKey": ["The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is an international survey that assesses the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. It provides a snapshot of how well education systems around the world are preparing young people for adult life.", "PISA is run every three years and tests students in reading, mathematics, and science. It doesn't just assess what students know \u2014 it focuses on how well they can use this knowledge to solve problems they might encounter in the real world. For example, can they interpret a bus timetable, reason through a scientific scenario, or compare prices to make a budget?", "Each student sits a two-hour computer-based test. Results are summarised as average scores for each country, and are designed to be comparable over time.", "The scores are standardized to make comparisons easier: across OECD countries, the average score was set to 500 in the first year each subject was assessed (reading in 2000, mathematics in 2003, science in 2006). Most countries score somewhere between 300 and 600, although scores outside this range are possible.", "Higher scores indicate better performance \u2014 but comparing countries should be done carefully. Many factors affect student performance, including income, teacher quality, classroom time, and parental education. Cultural differences can also play a role in how students approach the test.", "PISA gives policymakers, researchers, and educators a way to evaluate their education systems and learn from others. But as with all such comparisons, it's important to consider the wider context behind the numbers."], "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 2006}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2022}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 21, "name": "Argentina", "code": "ARG"}, {"id": 23, "name": "Australia", "code": "AUS"}, {"id": 24, "name": "Austria", "code": "AUT"}, {"id": 4, "name": "Belgium", "code": "BEL"}, {"id": 37, "name": "Brazil", "code": "BRA"}, {"id": 39, "name": "Bulgaria", "code": "BGR"}, {"id": 44, "name": "Canada", "code": "CAN"}, {"id": 172, "name": "Chile", "code": "CHL"}, {"id": 198, "name": "Taiwan", "code": "TWN"}, {"id": 170, "name": "Colombia", "code": "COL"}, {"id": 165, "name": "Croatia", "code": "HRV"}, {"id": 162, "name": "Czechia", "code": "CZE"}, {"id": 161, "name": "Denmark", "code": "DNK"}, {"id": 156, "name": "Estonia", "code": "EST"}, {"id": 155, "name": "Finland", "code": "FIN"}, {"id": 3, "name": "France", "code": "FRA"}, {"id": 6, "name": "Germany", "code": "DEU"}, {"id": 149, "name": "Greece", "code": "GRC"}, {"id": 144, "name": "Hong Kong", "code": "HKG"}, {"id": 138, "name": "Hungary", "code": "HUN"}, {"id": 207, "name": "Iceland", "code": "ISL"}, {"id": 136, "name": "Indonesia", "code": "IDN"}, {"id": 3783, "name": "OECD average", "code": null}, {"id": 2, "name": "Ireland", "code": "IRL"}, {"id": 133, "name": "Israel", "code": "ISR"}, {"id": 8, "name": "Italy", "code": "ITA"}, {"id": 14, "name": "Japan", "code": "JPN"}, {"id": 130, "name": "Jordan", "code": "JOR"}, {"id": 127, "name": "South Korea", "code": "KOR"}, {"id": 122, "name": "Latvia", "code": "LVA"}, {"id": 119, "name": "Lithuania", "code": "LTU"}, {"id": 210, "name": "Luxembourg", "code": "LUX"}, {"id": 262, "name": "Macao", "code": "MAC"}, {"id": 113, "name": "Mexico", "code": "MEX"}, {"id": 215, "name": "Montenegro", "code": "MNE"}, {"id": 5, "name": "Netherlands", "code": "NLD"}, {"id": 106, "name": "New Zealand", "code": "NZL"}, {"id": 102, "name": "Norway", "code": "NOR"}, {"id": 11, "name": "Poland", "code": "POL"}, {"id": 95, "name": "Portugal", "code": "PRT"}, {"id": 226, "name": "Qatar", "code": "QAT"}, {"id": 92, "name": "Romania", "code": "ROU"}, {"id": 12, "name": "Russia", "code": "RUS"}, {"id": 368637, "name": "PISA participants average", "code": null}, {"id": 85, "name": "Slovakia", "code": "SVK"}, {"id": 83, "name": "Slovenia", "code": "SVN"}, {"id": 9, "name": "Spain", "code": "ESP"}, {"id": 10, "name": "Sweden", "code": "SWE"}, {"id": 7, "name": "Switzerland", "code": "CHE"}, {"id": 75, "name": "Thailand", "code": "THA"}, {"id": 71, "name": "Tunisia", "code": "TUN"}, {"id": 70, "name": "Turkey", "code": "TUR"}, {"id": 1, "name": "United Kingdom", "code": "GBR"}, {"id": 13, "name": "United States", "code": "USA"}, {"id": 63, "name": "Uruguay", "code": "URY"}, {"id": 16, "name": "Albania", "code": "ALB"}, {"id": 131, "name": "Kazakhstan", "code": "KAZ"}, {"id": 97, "name": "Peru", "code": "PER"}, {"id": 86, "name": "Singapore", "code": "SGP"}, {"id": 73, "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "code": "TTO"}, {"id": 166, "name": "Costa Rica", "code": "CRI"}, {"id": 163, "name": "Cyprus", "code": "CYP"}, {"id": 116, "name": "Malaysia", "code": "MYS"}, {"id": 72, "name": "United Arab Emirates", "code": "ARE"}, {"id": 84, "name": "Vietnam", "code": "VNM"}, {"id": 17, "name": "Algeria", "code": "DZA"}, {"id": 160, "name": "Dominican Republic", "code": "DOM"}, {"id": 152, "name": "Georgia", "code": "GEO"}, {"id": 379, "name": "Kosovo", "code": "OWID_KOS"}, {"id": 124, "name": "Lebanon", "code": "LBN"}, {"id": 212, "name": "Malta", "code": "MLT"}, {"id": 111, "name": "Moldova", "code": "MDA"}, {"id": 66, "name": "North Macedonia", "code": "MKD"}, {"id": 30, "name": "Belarus", "code": "BLR"}, {"id": 35, "name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "code": "BIH"}, {"id": 38, "name": "Brunei", "code": "BRN"}, {"id": 110, "name": "Morocco", "code": "MAR"}, {"id": 100, "name": "Panama", "code": "PAN"}, {"id": 96, "name": "Philippines", "code": "PHL"}, {"id": 90, "name": "Saudi Arabia", "code": "SAU"}, {"id": 88, "name": "Serbia", "code": "SRB"}, {"id": 67, "name": "Ukraine", "code": "UKR"}, {"id": 42, "name": "Cambodia", "code": "KHM"}, {"id": 259, "name": "El Salvador", "code": "SLV"}, {"id": 148, "name": "Guatemala", "code": "GTM"}, {"id": 132, "name": "Jamaica", "code": "JAM"}, {"id": 112, "name": "Mongolia", "code": "MNG"}, {"id": 140, "name": "Palestine", "code": "PSE"}, {"id": 98, "name": "Paraguay", "code": "PRY"}, {"id": 62, "name": "Uzbekistan", "code": "UZB"}]}}, "origins": [{"id": 282, "titleSnapshot": "PISA Database: Educational Attainment, Science, both sexes", "title": "PISA Database", "descriptionSnapshot": "Subset of PISA database focusing on educational attainment in science.\n\nThis snapshot includes data for all students, detailing student performance in science tests across different countries.", "description": "The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) by OECD provides a comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of the knowledge and skills of 15-year-old students around the world. The assessment covers areas such as mathematics, science, and reading. PISA aims to provide comparable data that will enable countries to improve their education policies and outcomes. Data is collected every three years from a globally diverse cohort of students.\n\nThe dataset contains scores, demographic information, and various indicators related to education systems of participating countries.", "producer": "OECD", "citationFull": "OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) (2023), https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/, accessed on 6th December 2023.", "urlMain": "https://www.oecd.org/pisa/data/", "dateAccessed": "2023-12-06", "datePublished": "2023", "license": {"url": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions", "name": "CC BY 4.0"}}]}