{"id": 816802, "name": "War deaths (lower estimate)", "unit": "deaths", "createdAt": "2023-12-01T20:18:34.000Z", "updatedAt": "2025-06-20T14:48:09.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "2011-2011", "datasetId": 6305, "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "war_deaths_low", "catalogPath": "grapher/fasttrack/latest/war_deaths_by_war_mars/war_deaths_by_war_mars#war_deaths_low", "descriptionShort": "The low estimate of the number of deaths over the duration of this war. Deaths of combatants due to fighting are included.", "descriptionProcessing": "We have changed the names of two wars in the original dataset:\n\n- \"Third Sino-Japanese War\" -> \"Second Sino-Japanese War\"\n- \"Second Sino-Japanese War\" -> \"Japanese Invasion of Manchuria\"", "type": "int", "dataChecksum": "3839054890468837509", "metadataChecksum": "1476250193216166929", "datasetName": "War Deaths by War \u2014 Project Mars", "datasetVersion": "latest", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"unit": "deaths"}, "schemaVersion": 2, "presentation": {}, "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 2011}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 368464, "name": "World War II", "code": null}, {"id": 368586, "name": "World War I", "code": null}, {"id": 368396, "name": "Second Sino-Japanese War", "code": null}, {"id": 368526, "name": "Chinese Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368418, "name": "Vietnam War", "code": null}, {"id": 368575, "name": "Napoleonic Wars", "code": null}, {"id": 368588, "name": "Korean War", "code": null}, {"id": 368617, "name": "Russian Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368441, "name": "Iran-Iraq War", "code": null}, {"id": 368572, "name": "Spanish Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368381, "name": "Warlord Era Wars", "code": null}, {"id": 368536, "name": "American Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368623, "name": "Crimean War", "code": null}, {"id": 368600, "name": "Tigrean and Eritrean War", "code": null}, {"id": 368562, "name": "Thousand Days' War", "code": null}, {"id": 368378, "name": "Taiping Rebellion", "code": null}, {"id": 368557, "name": "Franco-Prussian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368439, "name": "North Yemen Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368475, "name": "Second Balkan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368397, "name": "Russo-Japanese War", "code": null}, {"id": 371508, "name": "Japanese Invasion of Manchuria", "code": null}, {"id": 368561, "name": "Bosnian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368503, "name": "Angolan Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368393, "name": "Paraguayan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368424, "name": "Rif War", "code": null}, {"id": 368554, "name": "Ethiopian-Eritrean War", "code": null}, {"id": 368566, "name": "First Mahdi War", "code": null}, {"id": 368484, "name": "Durrani Empire-Sikh War", "code": null}, {"id": 368538, "name": "Russo-Turkish War of 1828-29", "code": null}, {"id": 368412, "name": "Ethiopian-Mahdi War", "code": null}, {"id": 368579, "name": "Greco-Turkish War", "code": null}, {"id": 368408, "name": "November Uprising", "code": null}, {"id": 368603, "name": "Russo-Turkish War", "code": null}, {"id": 368448, "name": "Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78", "code": null}, {"id": 368403, "name": "Second Maratha War", "code": null}, {"id": 368433, "name": "Vientiane-Siam War", "code": null}, {"id": 368585, "name": "First Sino-Vietnamese War", "code": null}, {"id": 368401, "name": "Satsuma Rebellion", "code": null}, {"id": 368404, "name": "North Vietnam-South Vietnam War", "code": null}, {"id": 368565, "name": "Polish-Ukrainian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368425, "name": "Vietnamese-Cambodian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368608, "name": "Chaco War", "code": null}, {"id": 368379, "name": "Soviet-Polish War", "code": null}, {"id": 368595, "name": "Afghan War I", "code": null}, {"id": 368413, "name": "Persian Gulf War", "code": null}, {"id": 368537, "name": "Asante-Asin-Fante-UKG War", "code": null}, {"id": 368456, "name": "Franco-Mexican War", "code": null}, {"id": 368497, "name": "Montenegrin-Ottoman War", "code": null}, {"id": 368505, "name": "Second Anglo-Sikh War", "code": null}, {"id": 368432, "name": "Second Italo-Abyssinian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368508, "name": "Czech-Polish War", "code": null}, {"id": 368493, "name": "First Serbian Uprising", "code": null}, {"id": 368409, "name": "Hungarian War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368407, "name": "Montenegrin-Turkish War", "code": null}, {"id": 368516, "name": "Austro-Prussian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368539, "name": "British-Mahdi War", "code": null}, {"id": 368392, "name": "Battle of Khalkhin Gol", "code": null}, {"id": 368398, "name": "Second Congo War", "code": null}, {"id": 368551, "name": "Nagorno-Karabakh War", "code": null}, {"id": 368564, "name": "Indian Rebellion of 1857", "code": null}, {"id": 368580, "name": "Congo Arab War", "code": null}, {"id": 368430, "name": "War of the Pacific", "code": null}, {"id": 368626, "name": "Latvian War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368383, "name": "Nien (Nian) Rebellion", "code": null}, {"id": 368485, "name": "Ogaden War", "code": null}, {"id": 368434, "name": "Laotian Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368483, "name": "First Italo-Abyssinian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368535, "name": "Venezuelan War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368618, "name": "Sri Lanka-Tamil War I", "code": null}, {"id": 368629, "name": "Austro-Sardinian War of 1859", "code": null}, {"id": 368533, "name": "Estonian War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368431, "name": "Yom Kippur War", "code": null}, {"id": 368437, "name": "Russo-Persian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368604, "name": "East Turkestan Kashgar War", "code": null}, {"id": 368540, "name": "Bangladesh War", "code": null}, {"id": 368442, "name": "Siamese-Vietnamese War II", "code": null}, {"id": 368624, "name": "Lithuanian-Soviet War", "code": null}, {"id": 368553, "name": "Russia-Bukhara Khanate War", "code": null}, {"id": 368455, "name": "Croatian War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368496, "name": "Wahhabi War", "code": null}, {"id": 368438, "name": "Italo-Turkish War", "code": null}, {"id": 368422, "name": "Libyan Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368591, "name": "Tukolor-Bambara War of 1855", "code": null}, {"id": 368519, "name": "Hungarian Adversaries War", "code": null}, {"id": 368602, "name": "Greek War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368594, "name": "Soviet-Georgia War", "code": null}, {"id": 368411, "name": "Egypt-Abyssinian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368610, "name": "British-Zulu War", "code": null}, {"id": 368576, "name": "Bornu Empire-Rabah Empire War", "code": null}, {"id": 368612, "name": "Tukulor-Bambara War of 1860", "code": null}, {"id": 368529, "name": "Second Russo-Persian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368630, "name": "Austro-Sardinian War of 1848", "code": null}, {"id": 368616, "name": "Mexican-American War", "code": null}, {"id": 368613, "name": "Sino-French (Tonkin) War", "code": null}, {"id": 368558, "name": "Sino-Kashgarian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368574, "name": "Japanese Invasion of Taiwan", "code": null}, {"id": 368452, "name": "Hispano-Moroccan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368592, "name": "Finnish Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368471, "name": "Chilean War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368541, "name": "Sri Lanka-Tamil War II", "code": null}, {"id": 368488, "name": "Second Anglo-Afghan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368402, "name": "India-Pakistan War of 1965", "code": null}, {"id": 368619, "name": "East Turkestan Gulja Incident", "code": null}, {"id": 368436, "name": "Lebanese War of 1982-84", "code": null}, {"id": 368514, "name": "Sino-Jahriyya Order War", "code": null}, {"id": 368614, "name": "First Anglo-Afghan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368472, "name": "Nigerian-Biafran War", "code": null}, {"id": 368487, "name": "Argentine-Brazilian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368382, "name": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "code": null}, {"id": 368518, "name": "Rwanda War 1994", "code": null}, {"id": 368571, "name": "Lebanese Civil War of 1975-76", "code": null}, {"id": 368446, "name": "Second Ethiopian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368628, "name": "Ashanti-British War", "code": null}, {"id": 368530, "name": "1948 Palestine War", "code": null}, {"id": 368606, "name": "Argentine War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368513, "name": "Chilean Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368577, "name": "Anti-Monarchical War", "code": null}, {"id": 368531, "name": "Uruguayan Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368489, "name": "Turko Persian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368573, "name": "Sino-Sikh War", "code": null}, {"id": 368423, "name": "Six Day War", "code": null}, {"id": 368547, "name": "Peruvian War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368633, "name": "Khoja Rebellion I (East Turkestan)", "code": null}, {"id": 368517, "name": "Argentine Unitarian-Federalist War", "code": null}, {"id": 368621, "name": "First Opium War", "code": null}, {"id": 368527, "name": "Russia-Khokand Khanate War", "code": null}, {"id": 368607, "name": "Gwalior War", "code": null}, {"id": 368410, "name": "Siege of Bharatpur", "code": null}, {"id": 368534, "name": "Anglo-Baluch War", "code": null}, {"id": 368447, "name": "Boshin War", "code": null}, {"id": 368419, "name": "Kashgaria-Urumchi Dungan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368583, "name": "Farroupilha Revolution", "code": null}, {"id": 368548, "name": "Siamese-Vietnamese War", "code": null}, {"id": 368482, "name": "US-Iraq War", "code": null}, {"id": 368414, "name": "Russia-Khokandian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368515, "name": "War of the Golden Stool", "code": null}, {"id": 368394, "name": "Second Schleswig-Holstein War", "code": null}, {"id": 368601, "name": "First Schleswig-Holstein War", "code": null}, {"id": 368445, "name": "Franco-Tukulor War", "code": null}, {"id": 368494, "name": "Ottoman Conquest of Arabia", "code": null}, {"id": 368421, "name": "French-Algerian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368625, "name": "Second Opium War", "code": null}, {"id": 368426, "name": "Anglo-Ashanti War", "code": null}, {"id": 368593, "name": "Sino-Soviet War", "code": null}, {"id": 368468, "name": "War of 1812", "code": null}, {"id": 368609, "name": "Boxer Rebellion", "code": null}, {"id": 368569, "name": "Second Anglo-Boer War", "code": null}, {"id": 368390, "name": "Sino-Kuchean Muslim War", "code": null}, {"id": 368631, "name": "Third Dominican War", "code": null}, {"id": 368480, "name": "Second Turko-Egyptian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368512, "name": "Afghan-Sikh War", "code": null}, {"id": 368495, "name": "War of the Confederation", "code": null}, {"id": 368510, "name": "First Sino-Japanese War", "code": null}, {"id": 368506, "name": "Russo-Turkomen War", "code": null}, {"id": 368542, "name": "Toyota War", "code": null}, {"id": 368463, "name": "First Central American War", "code": null}, {"id": 368387, "name": "Franco-Dahomean War", "code": null}, {"id": 368440, "name": "British Expedition to Tibet", "code": null}, {"id": 368498, "name": "Third Maratha War", "code": null}, {"id": 368597, "name": "War of the Roman Republic", "code": null}, {"id": 368400, "name": "Melilla War", "code": null}, {"id": 368417, "name": "India-Pakistan War of 1947", "code": null}, {"id": 368567, "name": "British-Sokoto Caliphate War", "code": null}, {"id": 368555, "name": "First Turko-Egyptian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368478, "name": "First Egba-Dahomey War", "code": null}, {"id": 368473, "name": "Second Spanish-Moroccan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368509, "name": "Anglo-Egyptian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368563, "name": "Sino-Indian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368389, "name": "Austro-Venetian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368459, "name": "Venezuelan Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368543, "name": "Saudi-Yemeni War", "code": null}, {"id": 368532, "name": "Afghan-Persian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368549, "name": "Tibet-Nepalese War", "code": null}, {"id": 368622, "name": "Franco-Turkish War", "code": null}, {"id": 368453, "name": "Second Chinese Revolution", "code": null}, {"id": 368499, "name": "Second Egba-Dahomey War", "code": null}, {"id": 368581, "name": "Mahdi-Egyptian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368427, "name": "Brazilian War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368589, "name": "Ninth Cape Frontier War", "code": null}, {"id": 368632, "name": "Second Taiwan Strait Crisis", "code": null}, {"id": 368520, "name": "First Sino-Tibet War", "code": null}, {"id": 368415, "name": "Xinhai Revolution", "code": null}, {"id": 368556, "name": "Fourth Dominican War", "code": null}, {"id": 368521, "name": "Two Sicilies Insurrection", "code": null}, {"id": 368500, "name": "War of Attrition", "code": null}, {"id": 368559, "name": "La Plata War", "code": null}, {"id": 368449, "name": "Third and Fourth Central American War", "code": null}, {"id": 368490, "name": "Uganda-Tanzania War", "code": null}, {"id": 368486, "name": "Central American National War", "code": null}, {"id": 368386, "name": "Ecuadorian War of Independence", "code": null}, {"id": 368477, "name": "Kosovo War", "code": null}, {"id": 368466, "name": "Turko-Cypriot War", "code": null}, {"id": 368384, "name": "Second Sino-Tibet War", "code": null}, {"id": 368552, "name": "Texas Revolution", "code": null}, {"id": 368405, "name": "Central American War", "code": null}, {"id": 368388, "name": "Neapolitan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368507, "name": "Gurkha War", "code": null}, {"id": 368479, "name": "Tukolor-Tamba War", "code": null}, {"id": 368451, "name": "Iraq-Kuwait War", "code": null}, {"id": 368578, "name": "Hejaz War", "code": null}, {"id": 368584, "name": "Aceh War", "code": null}, {"id": 368550, "name": "Bolivia-Peru War", "code": null}, {"id": 368460, "name": "Battle of Lake Khasan", "code": null}, {"id": 368450, "name": "Operation Polo", "code": null}, {"id": 368522, "name": "Black September War of 1970", "code": null}, {"id": 368469, "name": "Anglo-Persian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368476, "name": "Suez Crisis", "code": null}, {"id": 368399, "name": "Third Anglo-Afghan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368501, "name": "Mahdist-Italian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368461, "name": "Kargil Conflict", "code": null}, {"id": 368560, "name": "Russo-Chinese War", "code": null}, {"id": 368470, "name": "Franco-Mandingo War V", "code": null}, {"id": 368620, "name": "Franco-Rabah Empire War", "code": null}, {"id": 368435, "name": "Falklands War", "code": null}, {"id": 368420, "name": "Yemen Border War II", "code": null}, {"id": 368511, "name": "Franco-Moroccan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368568, "name": "Franco-Spanish War", "code": null}, {"id": 368416, "name": "Wadai War", "code": null}, {"id": 368454, "name": "Serbo-Bulgarian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368605, "name": "Turkish-Armenian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368502, "name": "Peruvian-Ecuadorian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368458, "name": "Second Sino-Vietnamese War", "code": null}, {"id": 368524, "name": "Gran Colombia-Peru War", "code": null}, {"id": 368596, "name": "Waziristan Campaign", "code": null}, {"id": 368611, "name": "Dniestrian Independence War", "code": null}, {"id": 368467, "name": "War of Dogali", "code": null}, {"id": 368428, "name": "Israel-Hezbollah War", "code": null}, {"id": 368492, "name": "Portugal-Gaza Nguni War", "code": null}, {"id": 368523, "name": "Spanish-American War", "code": null}, {"id": 368444, "name": "Fifth Cape Frontier War", "code": null}, {"id": 368598, "name": "First Matabele War", "code": null}, {"id": 368599, "name": "France-Tukolor Empire War", "code": null}, {"id": 368406, "name": "British Abyssinian Expedition", "code": null}, {"id": 368391, "name": "Bombardment of Algiers", "code": null}, {"id": 368385, "name": "Georgian-Ossetian Conflict", "code": null}, {"id": 368525, "name": "Second Central American War", "code": null}, {"id": 368545, "name": "Tripolitan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368474, "name": "Second Franco-Hova War", "code": null}, {"id": 368587, "name": "Yemen Civil War", "code": null}, {"id": 368582, "name": "Azeri-Armenian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368590, "name": "Sino-Khokandian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368491, "name": "Franco-Mandingo War VIII", "code": null}, {"id": 368395, "name": "War of the Oranges", "code": null}, {"id": 368465, "name": "Seventh Cape Frontier War", "code": null}, {"id": 368481, "name": "Russo-Khivan War", "code": null}, {"id": 368627, "name": "Georgia-Russia War", "code": null}, {"id": 368570, "name": "Anglo-Turkish War", "code": null}, {"id": 368615, "name": "Football War", "code": null}, {"id": 368546, "name": "Papal States War", "code": null}, {"id": 368528, "name": "Ecuadorian-Colombian War", "code": null}, {"id": 368504, "name": "Eighth Cape Frontier War", "code": null}, {"id": 368443, "name": "Polish-Lithuanian War", "code": null}]}}, "origins": [{"id": 6685, "title": "Project Mars", "description": "This dataset records new data on 229 unique belligerents in 252 conventional wars fought between 1800 and 2011. Project Mars introduces new data about these belligerents, including their level of prewar military inequality, and new measures of battlefield performance, including desertion, defection, and fratricidal violence. The latest version is Version 1.1. (2022-02-08).\n\nYou can find more details on the dataset in its notes at https://web.archive.org/web/20230717140532/https://dataverse.harvard.edu/file.xhtml?fileId=5857673&version=2.0", "producer": "Jason Lyall", "citationFull": "Lyall, Jason. Divided Armies: Inequality and Battlefield Performance in Modern War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020)", "attribution": "Jason Lyall, Project Mars (2020)", "urlMain": "https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/DUO7IE", "urlDownload": "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vRbq_yaMbSCxeoKNr5u4nUk6iUrRXJjlv81JTCfIRve3hJFuQl4OJMlQOEjTZ909OzwYs3Na3IHTS-b/pub?output=csv", "dateAccessed": "2024-01-29", "datePublished": "2020-10-26"}]}