{"id": 1827, "name": "Child Labor (% children recorded as working) (Cunningham and Viazzo (1996) and others)", "unit": "%", "description": "Percentage of children recorded as working.", "createdAt": "2017-05-14T22:41:29.000Z", "updatedAt": "2023-06-15T05:05:42.000Z", "coverage": "England, Italy, US Global", "timespan": "1851-2012", "datasetId": 469, "columnOrder": 0, "dataPath": "https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/1827.data.json", "metadataPath": "https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/1827.metadata.json", "datasetName": "Incidence of child labor (England, Italy, US, World) - Cunningham and Viazzo (1996) and others", "type": "float", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"unit": "Rate"}, "source": {"id": 591, "name": "Child Labor (% children recorded as working) (Cunningham and Viazzo (1996) and others)", "dataPublishedBy": "Data on the incidence of child labor has been collated across four key sources.\nEngland: Cunningham, H. and Viazzo, P.P. (1996)\n\nItaly: Tonioli and Vecchi (2007)\n\nUnited States: Long (1958)\n\nWorld (1950-1995): International Labor Organisation Programme on Estimates and Projections on the Elimination of of Child Labor (ILO-EPEAP). Basu, 1999.\n\nWorld (2000-2012): International Labor Organisation Programme on the Elimination of Child Labor (ILO-IPEC). ILO, 2013.", "dataPublisherSource": "Scholarly work, ILO", "link": "Cunningham, H. and Viazzo, P.P. (1996), Child labor in historical perspective, 1800-1985: case studies from Europe, Japan and Colombia, Unicef, Firenze. Available at: http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/hisper_childlabour_low.pdf\n\nToniolo, G., & Vecchi, G. (2007). Italian Children at Work, 1881\u20141961. Giornale Degli Economisti E Annali Di Economia, 66 (Anno 120)(3), nuova serie, 401-427. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23248256\n\nLong, C. D. (1958) The labor force under changing income and employment. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Available at: http://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/nbrnberbk/long58-1.htm\n\nBasu, Kaushik. Child labor: cause, consequence, and cure, with remarks on international labor standards. Journal of Economic literature 37.3 (1999): 1083-1119. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.25.651&rep=rep1&type=pdf\n\nILO-IPEC, Marking progress against child labour \u2013 Global estimates and trends 2000-2012 / International Labour Office, International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) \u2013 Geneva: ILO, 2013. Available at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---ipec/documents/publication/wcms_221513.pdf", "retrievedDate": "27/09/2017", "additionalInfo": "Incidence of child labour in datasets for England and Italy is based on the percentage of children (aged 10-14) recorded as working at least one hour of work per week (thus defined as \"children in employment\"). Data for the United States is for children aged 10-13 only. Figures for the US have been calculated as the weighted-average of gender-specific incidences of labour, based on the male:female ratio (10-13 year-olds) from reported population figures.\n\nData for the global level is based on the definition of full-time child labour (which excludes children participating in light part-time work). World ILO-EPEAP data from 1950-1995 is based on children aged 10-14. World ILO-IPEC data from 2000-2012 broadens this definition to those aged 5-17. Estimates are based on census and national survey data."}, "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1851}, {"id": 1861}, {"id": 1871}, {"id": 1881}, {"id": 1890}, {"id": 1891}, {"id": 1900}, {"id": 1901}, {"id": 1910}, {"id": 1911}, {"id": 1920}, {"id": 1921}, {"id": 1930}, {"id": 1931}, {"id": 1936}, {"id": 1950}, {"id": 1951}, {"id": 1960}, {"id": 1961}, {"id": 1970}, {"id": 1980}, {"id": 1990}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2012}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 16818, "name": "England", "code": null}, {"id": 8, "name": "Italy", "code": "ITA"}, {"id": 13, "name": "United States", "code": "USA"}, {"id": 30648, "name": "World, ILO-EPEAP", "code": null}, {"id": 30649, "name": "World, ILO-IPEC", "code": null}]}}}