{"id": 109899, "name": "Rate of violent deaths (non-state societies)", "unit": "", "description": "Violent deaths per 100,000 people per year in non-state societies.", "createdAt": "2019-12-03T19:51:13.000Z", "updatedAt": "2023-06-15T05:05:42.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "", "datasetId": 4881, "columnOrder": 0, "dataPath": "https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/109899.data.json", "metadataPath": "https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/109899.metadata.json", "datasetName": "Ethnographic and Archaeological Evidence on Violent Deaths", "type": "float", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {}, "source": {"id": 17612, "name": "Bowles, S. (2009), Gat, A. (2008), Knauft, B. M. et al (1987), Keeley, L. H. (1996), Pinker, S. (2011), and Walker, R. S., & Bailey, D. H. (2013)", "dataPublishedBy": "Bowles, S. (2009), Gat, A. (2008), Knauft, B. M. et al (1987), Keeley, L. H. (1996), Pinker, S. (2011), and Walker, R. S., & Bailey, D. H. (2013)", "dataPublisherSource": "The original source of each data point is listed in the Data Sources section of the 'Ethnographic and Archaeological Evidence on Violent Deaths' page.", "link": "", "retrievedDate": "10/1/20", "additionalInfo": "This dataset contains estimates of the frequency of violent deaths due to murder or war in modern and prehistoric state and non-state societies, based on archaeological and ethnographic evidence.\n\nFor modern state societies, homicide rates are routinely published by statistical offices or other state agencies, and reliable data on war deaths are published by research institutes. For non-state societies, we generally have two different sources of information: for the more recent past (since the late 19th century), abundant ethnographic evidence is available; for the more distant past, we have evidence from archaeological sites and skeletal remains.\n\nThe main sources for this dataset are as follows:\n- Bowles (2009) \u2013 Did Warfare Among Ancestral Hunter-Gatherers Affect the Evolution of Human Social Behaviors?. In Science, 324, 5932, 1293\u20131298.\n- Gat (2006) \u2013 War in Human Civilization. Oxford University Press, USA.\n- Knauft, Bruce M. et al (1987) \u2013 Reconsidering Violence in Simple Human Societies: Homicide among the Gebusi of New Guinea. In Current Anthropology, 28, 4, 457-500.\n- Keeley (1997) \u2013 War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage. Oxford University Press, USA.\n- Pinker (2011) \u2013 The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Viking.\n- Walker and Bailey (2013) \u2013 Body counts in lowland South American violence. In Evolution and Human Behavior, 34, 1, 29\u201334."}, "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 2019}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 95223, "name": "Gebusi (New Guinea)", "code": null}, {"id": 95237, "name": "Andamanese (Indian Ocean)", "code": null}, {"id": 95236, "name": "!Kung Bushmen (Kalahari), after the establishment of a state authority", "code": null}, {"id": 95235, "name": "!Kung Bushmen (Kalahari), before the establishment of a state authority", "code": null}, {"id": 95234, "name": "Eskimos (Central Canadian Arctic)", "code": null}, {"id": 95233, "name": "Boko Dani (New Guinea); 1937 - 1962 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95232, "name": "Tiwi (Australia) (Hunter-Gatherer); 1893 - 1903 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95231, "name": "Yanomamo; 1970 - 1974 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95230, "name": "Gebusi (New Guinea); 1940 - 1982 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95229, "name": "Mohave (California - Arizona); 1845 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95228, "name": "Yurok (California)", "code": null}, {"id": 95227, "name": "Yanomama (Brazil); 1938 - 1958 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95226, "name": "Mae Enga (New Guinea); 1900 - 1950 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95225, "name": "Tauade (New Guinea); 1900 - 1946 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95224, "name": "Murngin (Australia) (Hunter-Gatherer)", "code": null}, {"id": 95208, "name": "Cahto (California); 1845 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95222, "name": "Auyana (New Guinea) 1924 - 1949 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95221, "name": "Modoc (California)", "code": null}, {"id": 95220, "name": "Manga (New Guinea); 1949 - 1956 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95219, "name": "Dugum Dani (New Guinea); 1961 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95218, "name": "Goilala (Papua New Guinea)", "code": null}, {"id": 95217, "name": "Mtetwa (South Africa); 1806 - 1814 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95216, "name": "Buin (Salomon Islands)", "code": null}, {"id": 95215, "name": "Telefolmin (New Guinea); 1939 - 1950 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95214, "name": "Chippewa (Minnesota); 1825 - 1832 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95213, "name": "Hewa (New Guinea)", "code": null}, {"id": 95212, "name": "Fiji (Melanesia); 1865 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95211, "name": "Dinka (North East Africa); 1928 CE", "code": null}, {"id": 95210, "name": "Piegan (Noth American Plains)", "code": null}, {"id": 95209, "name": "Grand Valley Dani (New Guinea)", "code": null}]}}}