{"id": 1062840, "name": "Stunting numbers among children under 5 years of age (millions), model-based estimates - Sex: both sexes", "unit": "", "createdAt": "2025-06-05T11:03:13.000Z", "updatedAt": "2025-08-25T22:09:27.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1990-2024", "datasetId": 7113, "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "stunting_numbers_among_children_under_5_years_of_age__millions__model_based_estimates__sex_both_sexes", "catalogPath": "grapher/who/2025-05-19/gho/stunting_numbers_among_children_under_5_years_of_age__millions__model_based_estimates#stunting_numbers_among_children_under_5_years_of_age__millions__model_based_estimates__sex_both_sexes", "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1990}, {"id": 1991}, {"id": 1992}, {"id": 1993}, {"id": 1994}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 1996}, {"id": 1997}, {"id": 1998}, {"id": 1999}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2001}, {"id": 2002}, {"id": 2003}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2005}, {"id": 2006}, {"id": 2007}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2010}, {"id": 2011}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2016}, {"id": 2017}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2019}, {"id": 2020}, {"id": 2021}, {"id": 2022}, {"id": 2023}, {"id": 2024}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 369115, "name": "Africa (WHO)", "code": null}, {"id": 369116, "name": "Americas (WHO)", "code": null}, {"id": 369207, "name": "Australia and New Zealand (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 368777, "name": "Caribbean (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 368796, "name": "Central America (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 368810, "name": "Central Asia (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 321927, "name": "Central and Southern Asia (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 368767, "name": "Eastern Africa (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 368771, "name": "Eastern Asia (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 371960, "name": "Eastern Asia and South-Eastern Asia (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 368808, "name": "Eastern Europe (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 369119, "name": "Eastern Mediterranean (WHO)", "code": null}, {"id": 367066, "name": "Europe (WHO)", "code": null}, {"id": 321932, "name": "Latin America and the Caribbean (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 367005, "name": "Melanesia (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 367006, "name": "Micronesia (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 368792, "name": "Middle Africa (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 321928, "name": "Northern Africa (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 369214, "name": "Northern Africa and Western Asia (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 369219, "name": "Northern America and Europe (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 368784, "name": "Northern Europe (UN)", "code": null}, {"id": 369211, "name": "Oceania (exc. 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Salvador", "code": "SLV"}, {"id": 159, "name": "Equatorial Guinea", "code": "GNQ"}, {"id": 157, "name": "Eritrea", "code": "ERI"}, {"id": 156, "name": "Estonia", "code": "EST"}, {"id": 78, "name": "Eswatini", "code": "SWZ"}, {"id": 158, "name": "Ethiopia", "code": "ETH"}, {"id": 202, "name": "Fiji", "code": "FJI"}, {"id": 155, "name": "Finland", "code": "FIN"}, {"id": 153, "name": "Gabon", "code": "GAB"}, {"id": 151, "name": "Gambia", "code": "GMB"}, {"id": 152, "name": "Georgia", "code": "GEO"}, {"id": 6, "name": "Germany", "code": "DEU"}, {"id": 150, "name": "Ghana", "code": "GHA"}, {"id": 149, "name": "Greece", "code": "GRC"}, {"id": 148, "name": "Guatemala", "code": "GTM"}, {"id": 147, "name": "Guinea", "code": "GIN"}, {"id": 94, "name": "Guinea-Bissau", "code": "GNB"}, {"id": 146, "name": "Guyana", "code": "GUY"}, {"id": 145, "name": "Haiti", "code": "HTI"}, {"id": 139, "name": "Honduras", "code": "HND"}, {"id": 137, "name": "India", "code": "IND"}, {"id": 136, "name": "Indonesia", "code": "IDN"}, {"id": 135, "name": "Iran", "code": "IRN"}, {"id": 134, "name": "Iraq", "code": "IRQ"}, {"id": 2, "name": "Ireland", "code": "IRL"}, {"id": 132, "name": "Jamaica", "code": "JAM"}, {"id": 14, "name": "Japan", "code": "JPN"}, {"id": 130, "name": "Jordan", "code": "JOR"}, {"id": 131, "name": "Kazakhstan", "code": "KAZ"}, {"id": 129, "name": "Kenya", "code": "KEN"}, {"id": 204, "name": "Kiribati", "code": "KIR"}, {"id": 208, "name": "Kuwait", "code": "KWT"}, {"id": 126, "name": "Kyrgyzstan", "code": "KGZ"}, {"id": 125, "name": "Laos", "code": "LAO"}, {"id": 122, "name": "Latvia", "code": "LVA"}, {"id": 124, "name": "Lebanon", "code": "LBN"}, {"id": 123, "name": "Lesotho", "code": "LSO"}, {"id": 121, "name": "Liberia", "code": "LBR"}, {"id": 120, "name": "Libya", "code": "LBY"}, {"id": 119, "name": "Lithuania", "code": "LTU"}, {"id": 118, "name": "Madagascar", "code": "MDG"}, {"id": 117, "name": "Malawi", "code": "MWI"}, {"id": 116, "name": "Malaysia", "code": "MYS"}, {"id": 211, "name": "Maldives", "code": "MDV"}, {"id": 115, "name": "Mali", "code": "MLI"}, {"id": 212, "name": "Malta", "code": "MLT"}, {"id": 223, "name": "Marshall Islands", "code": "MHL"}, {"id": 114, "name": "Mauritania", "code": "MRT"}, {"id": 213, "name": "Mauritius", "code": "MUS"}, {"id": 113, "name": "Mexico", "code": "MEX"}, {"id": 111, "name": "Moldova", "code": "MDA"}, {"id": 112, "name": "Mongolia", "code": "MNG"}, {"id": 215, "name": "Montenegro", "code": "MNE"}, {"id": 110, "name": "Morocco", "code": "MAR"}, {"id": 109, "name": "Mozambique", "code": "MOZ"}, {"id": 142, "name": "Myanmar", "code": "MMR"}, {"id": 108, "name": "Namibia", "code": "NAM"}, {"id": 218, "name": "Nauru", "code": "NRU"}, {"id": 107, "name": "Nepal", "code": "NPL"}, {"id": 5, "name": "Netherlands", "code": "NLD"}, {"id": 104, "name": "Niger", "code": "NER"}, {"id": 103, "name": "Nigeria", "code": "NGA"}, {"id": 128, "name": "North Korea", "code": "PRK"}, {"id": 66, "name": "North Macedonia", "code": "MKD"}, {"id": 217, "name": "Oman", "code": "OMN"}, {"id": 101, "name": "Pakistan", "code": "PAK"}, {"id": 140, "name": "Palestine", "code": "PSE"}, {"id": 100, "name": "Panama", "code": "PAN"}, {"id": 99, "name": "Papua New Guinea", "code": "PNG"}, {"id": 98, "name": "Paraguay", "code": "PRY"}, {"id": 97, "name": "Peru", "code": "PER"}, {"id": 96, "name": "Philippines", "code": "PHL"}, {"id": 11, "name": "Poland", "code": "POL"}, {"id": 95, "name": "Portugal", "code": "PRT"}, {"id": 226, "name": "Qatar", "code": "QAT"}, {"id": 92, "name": "Romania", "code": "ROU"}, {"id": 91, "name": "Rwanda", "code": "RWA"}, {"id": 229, "name": "Saint Lucia", "code": "LCA"}, {"id": 239, "name": "Samoa", "code": "WSM"}, {"id": 232, "name": "Sao Tome and Principe", "code": "STP"}, {"id": 90, "name": "Saudi Arabia", "code": "SAU"}, {"id": 89, "name": "Senegal", "code": "SEN"}, {"id": 88, "name": "Serbia", "code": "SRB"}, {"id": 233, "name": "Seychelles", "code": "SYC"}, {"id": 87, "name": "Sierra Leone", "code": "SLE"}, {"id": 86, "name": "Singapore", "code": "SGP"}, {"id": 195, "name": "Solomon Islands", "code": "SLB"}, {"id": 82, "name": "Somalia", "code": "SOM"}, {"id": 81, "name": "South Africa", "code": "ZAF"}, {"id": 127, "name": "South Korea", "code": "KOR"}, {"id": 258, "name": "South Sudan", "code": "SSD"}, {"id": 141, "name": "Sri Lanka", "code": "LKA"}, {"id": 79, "name": "Sudan", "code": "SDN"}, {"id": 234, "name": "Suriname", "code": "SUR"}, {"id": 77, "name": "Syria", "code": "SYR"}, {"id": 76, "name": "Tajikistan", "code": "TJK"}, {"id": 64, "name": "Tanzania", "code": "TZA"}, {"id": 75, "name": "Thailand", "code": "THA"}, {"id": 74, "name": "Togo", "code": "TGO"}, {"id": 235, "name": "Tonga", "code": "TON"}, {"id": 73, "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "code": "TTO"}, {"id": 71, "name": "Tunisia", "code": "TUN"}, {"id": 70, "name": "Turkey", "code": "TUR"}, {"id": 69, "name": "Turkmenistan", "code": "TKM"}, {"id": 236, "name": "Turks and Caicos Islands", "code": "TCA"}, {"id": 237, "name": "Tuvalu", "code": "TUV"}, {"id": 68, "name": "Uganda", "code": "UGA"}, {"id": 67, "name": "Ukraine", "code": "UKR"}, {"id": 1, "name": "United Kingdom", "code": "GBR"}, {"id": 13, "name": "United States", "code": "USA"}, {"id": 63, "name": "Uruguay", "code": "URY"}, {"id": 62, "name": "Uzbekistan", "code": "UZB"}, {"id": 221, "name": "Vanuatu", "code": "VUT"}, {"id": 238, "name": "Venezuela", "code": "VEN"}, {"id": 84, "name": "Vietnam", "code": "VNM"}, {"id": 61, "name": "Yemen", "code": "YEM"}, {"id": 60, "name": "Zambia", "code": "ZMB"}, {"id": 80, "name": "Zimbabwe", "code": "ZWE"}]}}, "descriptionShort": "Prevalence of stunting (height-for-age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age", "descriptionFromProducer": "#### Rationale\nChild growth is an internationally accepted outcome reflecting child nutritional status. Child stunting refers to a child who is too short for his or her age and is the result of chronic or recurrent malnutrition. Stunting is a contributing risk factor to child mortality and is also a marker of inequalities in human development. Stunted children fail to reach their physical and cognitive potential. Child stunting is one of the World Health Assembly nutrition target indicators. Child stunting is one of the indicators under Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators target 2.2\n\n#### Definition\nPrevalence of stunting (height-for-age <-2 standard deviation from the median of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards) among children under 5 years of age\n\n#### Method of measurement\n**Methods and Guidance:** WHO and UNICEF provide recommendations for data collection, analysis and reporting on anthropometric indicators in children under 5 years old. (Recommendations for data collection, analysis and reporting on anthropometric indicators in children under 5 years old. Geneva: World Health Organization and the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. ) **Analysis Tool** To facilitate re-running of nutritional survey data based on standardized approach, WHO has developed an online tool to analyse child anthropometric data. The WHO Anthro Survey Analyzer aims to promote best practices on data collection, analyses and reporting of anthropometric indicators. It offers analysis for four indicators: length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age. (WHO Anthro Survey Analyser and other tools) **Global Reporting** The modelled estimates are the official source used for global reporting on this indicator. (Metadata: SDG 2.2.1)\n\n#### Method of estimation\n**Data collection method** UNICEF and WHO employ their existing networks to obtain data. WHO relies on the organization\u2019s structure and an expanding network developed following the creation of the WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. For UNICEF, the cadre of dedicated data and monitoring specialists working at national, regional and international levels in 190 countries routinely provides technical support to produce child malnutrition estimates through surveys and administrative systems and analyses for improved programme planning. The World Bank Group provides estimates available through the Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS). **Method of computation** National estimates from primary sources (e.g., from household surveys) used to generate the JME global estimates are based on standardized methodology using the WHO Child Growth Standards as described in \u201cThe UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates (JME) standard methodology\u201d (The UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates (JME) standard methodology New York: the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization and the World Bank, 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. )and WHO Anthro Survey Analyser. The JME global estimates are generated using smoothing techniques and covariates applied to quality-assured national data to derive trends and up-to-date estimates. Worldwide and regional estimates are derived as the respective country averages weighted by the countries\u2019 under-five population estimates (UNPD-WPP latest available edition) using annual JME global estimates for 205 countries. (The UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates (JME) standard methodology New York: the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), the World Health Organization and the World Bank, 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. ) However, estimates are only presented in the cases where a country has input data. In line with WHO\u2019s data principle to use transparent models and methods, all codes used to generate estimates for the latest round and prior rounds are openly available on WHO\u2019s GitHub repository. (UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates- Stunting and Overweight Global Health Estimates. )", "type": "float", "dataChecksum": "2113353292707527317", "metadataChecksum": "114899825522749052", "datasetName": "Global Health Observatory - World Health Organization", "updatePeriodDays": 365, "datasetVersion": "2025-05-19", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {}, "schemaVersion": 2, "presentation": {}, "origins": [{"id": 3654, "title": "Global Health Observatory", "description": "The GHO data repository is WHO's gateway to health-related statistics for its 194 Member States. It provides access to over 1000 indicators on priority health topics including mortality and burden of diseases, the Millennium Development Goals (child nutrition, child health, maternal and reproductive health, immunization, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, neglected diseases, water and sanitation), non communicable diseases and risk factors, epidemic-prone diseases, health systems, environmental health, violence and injuries, equity among others.", "producer": "World Health Organization", "citationFull": "World Health Organization. 2025. Global Health Observatory data repository. http://www.who.int/gho/en/.", "attribution": "World Health Organization - Global Health Observatory (2025)", "attributionShort": "WHO", "urlMain": "https://www.who.int/data/gho", "dateAccessed": "2025-05-19", "datePublished": "2025-05-19", "license": {"url": "https://www.who.int/about/policies/publishing/copyright", "name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0"}}]}