{"id": 1033305, "name": "Global average temperature anomaly relative to 1861-1890", "unit": "degrees Celsius", "createdAt": "2025-05-22T15:25:56.000Z", "updatedAt": "2025-05-26T07:41:41.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1850-2025", "datasetId": 7102, "shortUnit": "\u00b0C", "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "near_surface_temperature_anomaly", "catalogPath": "grapher/climate/2025-05-22/climate_change_impacts_annual/climate_change_impacts_annual#near_surface_temperature_anomaly", "descriptionShort": "The difference in average land-sea surface temperature compared to the 1861-1890 mean, in degrees Celsius.", "descriptionFromProducer": "The 1961-90 period is most often used as a baseline because it is the period recommended by the World Meteorological Organisation. In some cases other periods are used. For global average temperatures, an 1861-1890 period is sometimes used to show the warming since the \"pre-industrial\" period.", "type": "float", "dataChecksum": "12149167334764760002", "metadataChecksum": "-7951857811677880613", "datasetName": "Climate Change Impacts - Annual", "updatePeriodDays": 60, "datasetVersion": "2025-05-22", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"name": "Global temperature anomaly", "unit": "degrees Celsius", "shortUnit": "\u00b0C"}, "schemaVersion": 2, "processingLevel": "major", "presentation": {"titlePublic": "Global average temperature anomaly relative to 1861-1890", "topicTagsLinks": ["Climate Change"]}, "descriptionKey": ["Temperature anomalies show how many degrees Celsius temperatures have changed compared to the 1861-1890 period. This baseline period is commonly used to highlight the changes in temperature since pre-industrial times, prior to major human impacts.", "Temperature averages and anomalies are calculated over all land and ocean surfaces.", "The data includes separate measurements for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, which helps researchers analyze regional differences.", "The global temperature anomaly is the average of both hemisphere measurements.", "This data is based on the HadCRUT4 method. This method averages temperature measurements onto a fixed grid. If no data is available for a grid cell, it remains empty and adds extra uncertainty when calculating averages like the global mean.", "Despite different approaches, HadCRUT4 and other methods show similar global temperature trends."], "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1850}, {"id": 1851}, {"id": 1852}, {"id": 1853}, {"id": 1854}, {"id": 1855}, {"id": 1856}, {"id": 1857}, {"id": 1858}, {"id": 1859}, {"id": 1860}, {"id": 1861}, {"id": 1862}, {"id": 1863}, {"id": 1864}, {"id": 1865}, {"id": 1866}, {"id": 1867}, {"id": 1868}, {"id": 1869}, {"id": 1870}, {"id": 1871}, {"id": 1872}, {"id": 1873}, {"id": 1874}, {"id": 1875}, {"id": 1876}, {"id": 1877}, {"id": 1878}, {"id": 1879}, {"id": 1880}, {"id": 1881}, {"id": 1882}, {"id": 1883}, {"id": 1884}, {"id": 1885}, {"id": 1886}, {"id": 1887}, {"id": 1888}, {"id": 1889}, {"id": 1890}, {"id": 1891}, {"id": 1892}, {"id": 1893}, {"id": 1894}, {"id": 1895}, {"id": 1896}, {"id": 1897}, {"id": 1898}, {"id": 1899}, {"id": 1900}, {"id": 1901}, {"id": 1902}, {"id": 1903}, {"id": 1904}, {"id": 1905}, {"id": 1906}, {"id": 1907}, {"id": 1908}, {"id": 1909}, {"id": 1910}, {"id": 1911}, {"id": 1912}, {"id": 1913}, {"id": 1914}, {"id": 1915}, {"id": 1916}, {"id": 1917}, {"id": 1918}, {"id": 1919}, {"id": 1920}, {"id": 1921}, {"id": 1922}, {"id": 1923}, {"id": 1924}, {"id": 1925}, {"id": 1926}, {"id": 1927}, {"id": 1928}, {"id": 1929}, {"id": 1930}, {"id": 1931}, {"id": 1932}, {"id": 1933}, {"id": 1934}, {"id": 1935}, {"id": 1936}, {"id": 1937}, {"id": 1938}, {"id": 1939}, {"id": 1940}, {"id": 1941}, {"id": 1942}, {"id": 1943}, {"id": 1944}, {"id": 1945}, {"id": 1946}, {"id": 1947}, {"id": 1948}, {"id": 1949}, {"id": 1950}, {"id": 1951}, {"id": 1952}, {"id": 1953}, {"id": 1954}, {"id": 1955}, {"id": 1956}, {"id": 1957}, {"id": 1958}, {"id": 1959}, {"id": 1960}, {"id": 1961}, {"id": 1962}, {"id": 1963}, {"id": 1964}, {"id": 1965}, {"id": 1966}, {"id": 1967}, {"id": 1968}, {"id": 1969}, {"id": 1970}, {"id": 1971}, {"id": 1972}, {"id": 1973}, {"id": 1974}, {"id": 1975}, {"id": 1976}, {"id": 1977}, {"id": 1978}, {"id": 1979}, {"id": 1980}, {"id": 1981}, {"id": 1982}, {"id": 1983}, {"id": 1984}, {"id": 1985}, {"id": 1986}, {"id": 1987}, {"id": 1988}, {"id": 1989}, {"id": 1990}, {"id": 1991}, {"id": 1992}, {"id": 1993}, {"id": 1994}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 1996}, {"id": 1997}, {"id": 1998}, {"id": 1999}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2001}, {"id": 2002}, {"id": 2003}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2005}, {"id": 2006}, {"id": 2007}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2010}, {"id": 2011}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2016}, {"id": 2017}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2019}, {"id": 2020}, {"id": 2021}, {"id": 2022}, {"id": 2023}, {"id": 2024}, {"id": 2025}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 36403, "name": "Northern Hemisphere", "code": null}, {"id": 367650, "name": "Southern hemisphere", "code": null}, {"id": 355, "name": "World", "code": "OWID_WRL"}]}}, "origins": [{"id": 3592, "titleSnapshot": "HadCRUT5 - Global near surface temperature", "title": "HadCRUT5", "description": "The HadCRUT5 near surface temperature data set is produced by blending data from the CRUTEM5 surface air temperature dataset and the HadSST4 sea-surface temperature dataset.\n\nTemperature anomalies are based on the HadCRUT5 near-surface temperature dataset as published by the Met Office Hadley Centre.", "producer": "Met Office Hadley Centre", "citationFull": "Morice, C.P., J.J. Kennedy, N.A. Rayner, J.P. Winn, E. Hogan, R.E. Killick, R.J.H. Dunn, T.J. Osborn, P.D. Jones and I.R. Simpson (in press) An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 dataset. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) [doi:10.1029/2019JD032361](https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/HadCRUT5_accepted.pdf) ([supporting information](https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/HadCRUT5_supporting_information_accepted.pdf)).", "attribution": "Met Office Hadley Centre - HadCRUT5 (2025)", "versionProducer": "HadCRUT.5.0.2.0", "urlMain": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/", "urlDownload": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/HadCRUT.5.0.2.0/analysis/diagnostics/HadCRUT.5.0.2.0.analysis.summary_series.global.annual.csv", "dateAccessed": "2025-05-22", "datePublished": "2025-05-22", "license": {"url": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/terms_and_conditions.html", "name": "Open Government License v3"}}, {"id": 3593, "titleSnapshot": "HadCRUT5 - Northern hemisphere near surface temperature", "title": "HadCRUT5", "description": "The HadCRUT5 near surface temperature data set is produced by blending data from the CRUTEM5 surface air temperature dataset and the HadSST4 sea-surface temperature dataset.\n\nTemperature anomalies are based on the HadCRUT5 near-surface temperature dataset as published by the Met Office Hadley Centre.", "producer": "Met Office Hadley Centre", "citationFull": "Morice, C.P., J.J. Kennedy, N.A. Rayner, J.P. Winn, E. Hogan, R.E. Killick, R.J.H. Dunn, T.J. Osborn, P.D. Jones and I.R. Simpson (in press) An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 dataset. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) [doi:10.1029/2019JD032361](https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/HadCRUT5_accepted.pdf) ([supporting information](https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/HadCRUT5_supporting_information_accepted.pdf)).", "attribution": "Met Office Hadley Centre - HadCRUT5 (2025)", "versionProducer": "HadCRUT.5.0.2.0", "urlMain": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/", "urlDownload": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/HadCRUT.5.0.2.0/analysis/diagnostics/HadCRUT.5.0.2.0.analysis.summary_series.northern_hemisphere.annual.csv", "dateAccessed": "2025-05-22", "datePublished": "2025-05-22", "license": {"url": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/terms_and_conditions.html", "name": "Open Government License v3"}}, {"id": 3594, "titleSnapshot": "HadCRUT5 - Southern hemisphere near surface temperature", "title": "HadCRUT5", "description": "The HadCRUT5 near surface temperature data set is produced by blending data from the CRUTEM5 surface air temperature dataset and the HadSST4 sea-surface temperature dataset.\n\nTemperature anomalies are based on the HadCRUT5 near-surface temperature dataset as published by the Met Office Hadley Centre.", "producer": "Met Office Hadley Centre", "citationFull": "Morice, C.P., J.J. Kennedy, N.A. Rayner, J.P. Winn, E. Hogan, R.E. Killick, R.J.H. Dunn, T.J. Osborn, P.D. Jones and I.R. Simpson (in press) An updated assessment of near-surface temperature change from 1850: the HadCRUT5 dataset. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) [doi:10.1029/2019JD032361](https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/HadCRUT5_accepted.pdf) ([supporting information](https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/HadCRUT5_supporting_information_accepted.pdf)).", "attribution": "Met Office Hadley Centre - HadCRUT5 (2025)", "versionProducer": "HadCRUT.5.0.2.0", "urlMain": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/", "urlDownload": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/data/HadCRUT.5.0.2.0/analysis/diagnostics/HadCRUT.5.0.2.0.analysis.summary_series.southern_hemisphere.annual.csv", "dateAccessed": "2025-05-22", "datePublished": "2025-05-22", "license": {"url": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadcrut5/terms_and_conditions.html", "name": "Open Government License v3"}}]}