{"id": 1033284, "name": "Annual sea surface temperature anomalies", "unit": "degrees Celsius", "createdAt": "2025-05-22T15:25:55.000Z", "updatedAt": "2025-05-26T07:41:40.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1850-2025", "datasetId": 7102, "shortUnit": "\u00b0C", "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "sea_temperature_anomaly_annual", "catalogPath": "grapher/climate/2025-05-22/climate_change_impacts_annual/climate_change_impacts_annual#sea_temperature_anomaly_annual", "descriptionShort": "Deviation of the average sea surface temperature measured at a nominal depth of 20cm from the 1861-1890 mean, in degrees Celsius.", "descriptionFromProducer": "The 1961-90 period is most often used as a baseline because it is the period recommended by the World Meteorological Organisation. In some cases other periods are used. For global average temperatures, an 1861-1890 period is commonly used to show the warming since the \"pre-industrial\" period.", "type": "float", "dataChecksum": "15407143066439366418", "metadataChecksum": "-7849579946714287053", "datasetName": "Climate Change Impacts - Annual", "updatePeriodDays": 60, "datasetVersion": "2025-05-22", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"unit": "degrees Celsius", "shortUnit": "\u00b0C", "numDecimalPlaces": 1}, "schemaVersion": 2, "processingLevel": "major", "presentation": {"topicTagsLinks": ["Climate Change"]}, "descriptionKey": ["Temperature anomalies show how many degrees Celsius temperatures have changed compared to the 1861-1890 period. This baseline period is commonly used to highlight the changes in temperature since pre-industrial times, prior to major human impacts.", "The data includes separate measurements for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, which helps researchers analyze regional differences.", "This data is based on the HadISST method. This method averages temperature measurements onto a fixed grid. If no data is available for a grid cell, it remains empty and adds extra uncertainty when calculating averages like the global mean.", "Despite different approaches, HadISST and other methods show similar global temperature trends."], "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1850}, {"id": 1851}, {"id": 1852}, {"id": 1853}, {"id": 1854}, {"id": 1855}, {"id": 1856}, {"id": 1857}, {"id": 1858}, {"id": 1859}, {"id": 1860}, {"id": 1861}, {"id": 1862}, {"id": 1863}, {"id": 1864}, {"id": 1865}, {"id": 1866}, {"id": 1867}, {"id": 1868}, {"id": 1869}, {"id": 1870}, {"id": 1871}, {"id": 1872}, {"id": 1873}, {"id": 1874}, {"id": 1875}, {"id": 1876}, {"id": 1877}, {"id": 1878}, {"id": 1879}, {"id": 1880}, {"id": 1881}, {"id": 1882}, {"id": 1883}, {"id": 1884}, {"id": 1885}, {"id": 1886}, {"id": 1887}, {"id": 1888}, {"id": 1889}, {"id": 1890}, {"id": 1891}, {"id": 1892}, {"id": 1893}, {"id": 1894}, {"id": 1895}, {"id": 1896}, {"id": 1897}, {"id": 1898}, {"id": 1899}, {"id": 1900}, {"id": 1901}, {"id": 1902}, {"id": 1903}, {"id": 1904}, {"id": 1905}, {"id": 1906}, {"id": 1907}, {"id": 1908}, {"id": 1909}, {"id": 1910}, {"id": 1911}, {"id": 1912}, {"id": 1913}, {"id": 1914}, {"id": 1915}, {"id": 1916}, {"id": 1917}, {"id": 1918}, {"id": 1919}, {"id": 1920}, {"id": 1921}, {"id": 1922}, {"id": 1923}, {"id": 1924}, {"id": 1925}, {"id": 1926}, {"id": 1927}, {"id": 1928}, {"id": 1929}, {"id": 1930}, {"id": 1931}, {"id": 1932}, {"id": 1933}, {"id": 1934}, {"id": 1935}, {"id": 1936}, {"id": 1937}, {"id": 1938}, {"id": 1939}, {"id": 1940}, {"id": 1941}, {"id": 1942}, {"id": 1943}, {"id": 1944}, {"id": 1945}, {"id": 1946}, {"id": 1947}, {"id": 1948}, {"id": 1949}, {"id": 1950}, {"id": 1951}, {"id": 1952}, {"id": 1953}, {"id": 1954}, {"id": 1955}, {"id": 1956}, {"id": 1957}, {"id": 1958}, {"id": 1959}, {"id": 1960}, {"id": 1961}, {"id": 1962}, {"id": 1963}, {"id": 1964}, {"id": 1965}, {"id": 1966}, {"id": 1967}, {"id": 1968}, {"id": 1969}, {"id": 1970}, {"id": 1971}, {"id": 1972}, {"id": 1973}, {"id": 1974}, {"id": 1975}, {"id": 1976}, {"id": 1977}, {"id": 1978}, {"id": 1979}, {"id": 1980}, {"id": 1981}, {"id": 1982}, {"id": 1983}, {"id": 1984}, {"id": 1985}, {"id": 1986}, {"id": 1987}, {"id": 1988}, {"id": 1989}, {"id": 1990}, {"id": 1991}, {"id": 1992}, {"id": 1993}, {"id": 1994}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 1996}, {"id": 1997}, {"id": 1998}, {"id": 1999}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2001}, {"id": 2002}, {"id": 2003}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2005}, {"id": 2006}, {"id": 2007}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2010}, {"id": 2011}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2016}, {"id": 2017}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2019}, {"id": 2020}, {"id": 2021}, {"id": 2022}, {"id": 2023}, {"id": 2024}, {"id": 2025}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 36403, "name": "Northern Hemisphere", "code": null}, {"id": 36404, "name": "Southern Hemisphere", "code": null}, {"id": 355, "name": "World", "code": "OWID_WRL"}]}}, "origins": [{"id": 3573, "titleSnapshot": "Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST) - World", "title": "Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST)", "producer": "Met Office Hadley Centre", "citationFull": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST).\n\nKennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Atkinson, C. P., & Killick, R.\nE. (2019). An ensemble data set of sea-surface temperature change from 1850:\nthe Met Office Hadley Centre HadSST.4.0.0.0 data set. Journal of Geophysical\nResearch: Atmospheres, 124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029867", "attribution": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST) (2025)", "attributionShort": "Met Office", "versionProducer": "4.1.1.0", "urlMain": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst4/", "urlDownload": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst4/data/data/HadSST.4.1.1.0_monthly_GLOBE.csv", "dateAccessed": "2025-05-22", "datePublished": "2025-05-20", "license": {"url": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst4/data/download.html", "name": "Open Government Licence v3"}}, {"id": 3574, "titleSnapshot": "Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST) - Northern hemisphere", "title": "Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST)", "producer": "Met Office Hadley Centre", "citationFull": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST).\n\nKennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Atkinson, C. P., & Killick, R.\nE. (2019). An ensemble data set of sea-surface temperature change from 1850:\nthe Met Office Hadley Centre HadSST.4.0.0.0 data set. Journal of Geophysical\nResearch: Atmospheres, 124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029867", "attribution": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST) (2025)", "attributionShort": "Met Office", "versionProducer": "4.1.1.0", "urlMain": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst4/", "urlDownload": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst4/data/data/HadSST.4.1.1.0_monthly_NHEM.csv", "dateAccessed": "2025-05-22", "datePublished": "2025-05-20", "license": {"url": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst4/data/download.html", "name": "Open Government Licence v3"}}, {"id": 3576, "titleSnapshot": "Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST) - Southern hemisphere", "title": "Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST)", "producer": "Met Office Hadley Centre", "citationFull": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST).\n\nKennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A., Atkinson, C. P., & Killick, R.\nE. (2019). An ensemble data set of sea-surface temperature change from 1850:\nthe Met Office Hadley Centre HadSST.4.0.0.0 data set. Journal of Geophysical\nResearch: Atmospheres, 124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029867", "attribution": "Met Office Hadley Centre - Hadley Centre's Sea Surface Temperature (HadSST) (2025)", "attributionShort": "Met Office", "versionProducer": "4.1.1.0", "urlMain": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst4/", "urlDownload": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst4/data/data/HadSST.4.1.1.0_monthly_SHEM.csv", "dateAccessed": "2025-05-22", "datePublished": "2025-05-20", "license": {"url": "https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst4/data/download.html", "name": "Open Government Licence v3"}}]}