{"id": 1026155, "name": "Number of country-pairs with 'lesser rivalry' relationship", "unit": "country-pairs", "createdAt": "2025-04-18T14:33:49.000Z", "updatedAt": "2025-04-18T14:33:49.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1900-2020", "datasetId": 7061, "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "lesser_rivalry", "catalogPath": "grapher/war/2025-04-18/peace_diehl/peace_diehl_agg#lesser_rivalry", "descriptionShort": "Lesser rivalry between two countries is when these have important unresolved issues, and handle them with infrequent and limited violence. Their diplomacy is hostile, and their communication is limited.", "descriptionProcessing": "The peace scale level of a relationship for a given year reports the level as of the 31st of December of that year.\n\nRegions are defined based on their COW (Correlates of War) codes:\n\n\u2022 Americas: 2-165\n\u2022 Europe: 200-399\n\u2022 Africa: 402-626\n\u2022 Middle East: 630-698\n\u2022 Asia and Oceania: 700-999\n\nFixes: The source used country codes 936 and 937 instead of 946 (Kiribati) and 947 (Tuvalu), respectively.", "type": "int", "datasetName": "Peace data (Diehl et al., 2023)", "updatePeriodDays": 1000, "datasetVersion": "2025-04-18", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"unit": "country-pairs", "numDecimalPlaces": 0}, "schemaVersion": 2, "processingLevel": "minor", "presentation": {"topicTagsLinks": ["War & Peace"]}, "descriptionKey": ["Prominent examples of lesser rivalry relationships include Colombia and Venezuela between 1841 and 1982, and Russia and the Ottoman Empire between 1849 and 1856.", "Two-country relationships within a region are those where both countries are in the same region. If countries are in different regions, the relationship falls into the 'Inter-continental' region."], "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1900}, {"id": 1901}, {"id": 1902}, {"id": 1903}, {"id": 1904}, {"id": 1905}, {"id": 1906}, {"id": 1907}, {"id": 1908}, {"id": 1909}, {"id": 1910}, {"id": 1911}, {"id": 1912}, {"id": 1913}, {"id": 1914}, {"id": 1915}, {"id": 1916}, {"id": 1917}, {"id": 1918}, {"id": 1919}, {"id": 1920}, {"id": 1921}, {"id": 1922}, {"id": 1923}, {"id": 1924}, {"id": 1925}, {"id": 1926}, {"id": 1927}, {"id": 1928}, {"id": 1929}, {"id": 1930}, {"id": 1931}, {"id": 1932}, {"id": 1933}, {"id": 1934}, {"id": 1935}, {"id": 1936}, {"id": 1937}, {"id": 1938}, {"id": 1939}, {"id": 1940}, {"id": 1941}, {"id": 1942}, {"id": 1943}, {"id": 1944}, {"id": 1945}, {"id": 1946}, {"id": 1947}, {"id": 1948}, {"id": 1949}, {"id": 1950}, {"id": 1951}, {"id": 1952}, {"id": 1953}, {"id": 1954}, {"id": 1955}, {"id": 1956}, {"id": 1957}, {"id": 1958}, {"id": 1959}, {"id": 1960}, {"id": 1961}, {"id": 1962}, {"id": 1963}, {"id": 1964}, {"id": 1965}, {"id": 1966}, {"id": 1967}, {"id": 1968}, {"id": 1969}, {"id": 1970}, {"id": 1971}, {"id": 1972}, {"id": 1973}, {"id": 1974}, {"id": 1975}, {"id": 1976}, {"id": 1977}, {"id": 1978}, {"id": 1979}, {"id": 1980}, {"id": 1981}, {"id": 1982}, {"id": 1983}, {"id": 1984}, {"id": 1985}, {"id": 1986}, {"id": 1987}, {"id": 1988}, {"id": 1989}, {"id": 1990}, {"id": 1991}, {"id": 1992}, {"id": 1993}, {"id": 1994}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 1996}, {"id": 1997}, {"id": 1998}, {"id": 1999}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2001}, {"id": 2002}, {"id": 2003}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2005}, {"id": 2006}, {"id": 2007}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2010}, {"id": 2011}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2016}, {"id": 2017}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2019}, {"id": 2020}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 273, "name": "Africa", "code": null}, {"id": 290, "name": "Americas", "code": null}, {"id": 29325, "name": "Asia and Oceania", "code": null}, {"id": 276, "name": "Europe", "code": null}, {"id": 367652, "name": "Inter-continental", "code": null}, {"id": 25487, "name": "Middle East", "code": null}, {"id": 355, "name": "World", "code": "OWID_WRL"}]}}, "origins": [{"id": 3420, "title": "Peace data", "description": "This data article reviews the revised \u201cpeace data,\u201d describing the motivations behind them and offering a general description of the different peace scale levels\u2014severe rivalry, lesser rivalry, negative peace, warm peace, and security community respectively. A brief overview of the evolution of peace and rivalry for the 1900-2015 period is presented. Peace in the international system has increased over time, with a decline in rivalries and an increase in security communities being the most notable findings. The article concludes with a discussion of how the peace data might be used to address new questions in international relations research or reconfigure existing ones.", "producer": "Diehl et al.", "citationFull": "Goertz, G., Diehl, P. and Balas, A. 2016. The Puzzle of Peace: Explaining the Rise of Peace in the International System. Oxford University Press.\n\nPaul F Diehl & Gary Goertz & Yahve Gallegos, 2021. \"Peace data: Concept, measurement, patterns, and research agenda,\" Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 38(5), pages 605-624, September.\n\nAvailable at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0738894219870288", "versionProducer": "v3.1.1", "urlMain": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1HKZ6FQmK09VJ5mzzEzIwkOawf7tb6Z63?usp=sharing", "dateAccessed": "2025-04-18", "datePublished": "2025-01-02", "license": {"url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "name": "CC BY 4.0"}}]}