{"id": 1024854, "name": "Corn yield gap", "unit": "tonnes per hectare", "createdAt": "2025-03-27T15:06:29.000Z", "updatedAt": "2025-07-18T11:02:37.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1866-2024", "datasetId": 7039, "shortUnit": "t/ha", "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "maize_yield_gap", "catalogPath": "grapher/agriculture/2025-03-26/attainable_yields/attainable_yields#maize_yield_gap", "descriptionShort": "Yield gaps are the difference between attainable yields and actual yields, measured in tonnes per hectare. Negative values have been replaced by zero, meaning that the attainable yield has been reached.", "descriptionProcessing": "- Yield gaps have been calculated by Our World in Data as the attainable yields, as reported by Mueller et al. (2012), minus the actual observed yields, as reported by the UN FAO. Negative values have been clipped to zero, meaning that the attainable yield has been reached.", "type": "float", "dataChecksum": "13122341288321781667", "metadataChecksum": "-7168763552549609084", "datasetName": "Attainable yields", "updatePeriodDays": 365, "datasetVersion": "2025-03-26", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"unit": "tonnes per hectare", "shortUnit": "t", "tolerance": 5}, "schemaVersion": 2, "processingLevel": "major", "presentation": {"topicTagsLinks": ["Crop Yields"]}, "descriptionKey": ["Attainable yields are estimates of feasible crop yields calculated from high-yielding areas of similar climate. Yields are measured in tonnes per hectare.", "Attainable yields are more conservative than biophysical 'potential yields', but should be achievable using current technologies and management (e.g. fertilizers and irrigation).", "Attainable yields are based on assessments for the year 2000. Real attainable yield pre-2000 may be lower; and post-2000 may be higher than these values."], "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1961}, {"id": 1962}, {"id": 1963}, {"id": 1964}, {"id": 1965}, {"id": 1966}, {"id": 1967}, {"id": 1968}, {"id": 1969}, {"id": 1970}, {"id": 1971}, {"id": 1972}, {"id": 1973}, {"id": 1974}, {"id": 1975}, {"id": 1976}, {"id": 1977}, {"id": 1978}, {"id": 1979}, {"id": 1980}, {"id": 1981}, {"id": 1982}, {"id": 1983}, {"id": 1984}, {"id": 1985}, {"id": 1986}, {"id": 1987}, {"id": 1988}, {"id": 1989}, {"id": 1990}, {"id": 1991}, {"id": 1992}, {"id": 1993}, {"id": 1994}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 1996}, {"id": 1997}, {"id": 1998}, {"id": 1999}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2001}, {"id": 2002}, {"id": 2003}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2005}, {"id": 2006}, {"id": 2007}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2010}, {"id": 2011}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2016}, {"id": 2017}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2019}, {"id": 2020}, {"id": 2021}, {"id": 2022}, {"id": 2023}, {"id": 1866}, {"id": 1867}, {"id": 1868}, {"id": 1869}, {"id": 1870}, {"id": 1871}, {"id": 1872}, {"id": 1873}, {"id": 1874}, {"id": 1875}, {"id": 1876}, {"id": 1877}, {"id": 1878}, {"id": 1879}, {"id": 1880}, {"id": 1881}, {"id": 1882}, {"id": 1883}, {"id": 1884}, {"id": 1885}, {"id": 1886}, {"id": 1887}, {"id": 1888}, {"id": 1889}, {"id": 1890}, {"id": 1891}, {"id": 1892}, {"id": 1893}, {"id": 1894}, {"id": 1895}, {"id": 1896}, {"id": 1897}, {"id": 1898}, {"id": 1899}, {"id": 1900}, {"id": 1901}, {"id": 1902}, {"id": 1903}, {"id": 1904}, {"id": 1905}, {"id": 1906}, {"id": 1907}, {"id": 1908}, {"id": 1909}, {"id": 1910}, {"id": 1911}, {"id": 1912}, {"id": 1913}, {"id": 1914}, {"id": 1915}, {"id": 1916}, {"id": 1917}, {"id": 1918}, {"id": 1919}, {"id": 1920}, {"id": 1921}, {"id": 1922}, {"id": 1923}, {"id": 1924}, {"id": 1925}, {"id": 1926}, {"id": 1927}, {"id": 1928}, {"id": 1929}, {"id": 1930}, {"id": 1931}, {"id": 1932}, {"id": 1933}, {"id": 1934}, {"id": 1935}, {"id": 1936}, {"id": 1937}, {"id": 1938}, {"id": 1939}, {"id": 1940}, {"id": 1941}, {"id": 1942}, {"id": 1943}, {"id": 1944}, {"id": 1945}, {"id": 1946}, {"id": 1947}, {"id": 1948}, {"id": 1949}, {"id": 1950}, {"id": 1951}, {"id": 1952}, {"id": 1953}, {"id": 1954}, {"id": 1955}, {"id": 1956}, {"id": 1957}, {"id": 1958}, {"id": 1959}, {"id": 1960}, {"id": 2024}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 15, "name": "Afghanistan", "code": "AFG"}, {"id": 16, "name": "Albania", "code": "ALB"}, {"id": 17, "name": "Algeria", "code": "DZA"}, {"id": 19, "name": "Angola", "code": "AGO"}, {"id": 21, "name": "Argentina", "code": "ARG"}, {"id": 22, "name": "Armenia", "code": "ARM"}, {"id": 23, "name": "Australia", "code": "AUS"}, {"id": 24, "name": "Austria", "code": "AUT"}, {"id": 25, "name": "Azerbaijan", "code": "AZE"}, {"id": 28, "name": "Bangladesh", "code": "BGD"}, {"id": 30, "name": "Belarus", "code": "BLR"}, {"id": 31, "name": "Belize", "code": "BLZ"}, {"id": 32, "name": "Benin", "code": "BEN"}, {"id": 33, "name": "Bhutan", "code": "BTN"}, {"id": 34, "name": "Bolivia", "code": "BOL"}, {"id": 35, "name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "code": "BIH"}, {"id": 37, "name": "Brazil", "code": "BRA"}, {"id": 39, "name": "Bulgaria", "code": "BGR"}, {"id": 40, "name": "Burkina Faso", "code": "BFA"}, {"id": 41, "name": "Burundi", "code": "BDI"}, {"id": 42, "name": "Cambodia", "code": "KHM"}, {"id": 43, "name": "Cameroon", "code": "CMR"}, {"id": 44, "name": "Canada", "code": "CAN"}, {"id": 172, "name": "Chile", "code": "CHL"}, {"id": 171, "name": "China", "code": "CHN"}, {"id": 170, "name": "Colombia", "code": "COL"}, {"id": 168, "name": "Congo", "code": "COG"}, {"id": 166, "name": "Costa Rica", "code": "CRI"}, {"id": 143, "name": "Cote d'Ivoire", "code": "CIV"}, {"id": 165, "name": "Croatia", "code": "HRV"}, {"id": 164, "name": "Cuba", "code": "CUB"}, {"id": 162, "name": "Czechia", "code": "CZE"}, {"id": 167, "name": "Democratic Republic of Congo", "code": "COD"}, {"id": 201, "name": "Ecuador", "code": "ECU"}, {"id": 259, "name": "El Salvador", "code": "SLV"}, {"id": 157, "name": "Eritrea", "code": "ERI"}, {"id": 158, "name": "Ethiopia", "code": "ETH"}, {"id": 3, "name": "France", "code": "FRA"}, {"id": 153, "name": "Gabon", "code": "GAB"}, {"id": 151, "name": "Gambia", "code": "GMB"}, {"id": 152, "name": "Georgia", "code": "GEO"}, {"id": 6, "name": "Germany", "code": "DEU"}, {"id": 150, "name": "Ghana", "code": "GHA"}, {"id": 149, "name": "Greece", "code": "GRC"}, {"id": 148, "name": "Guatemala", "code": "GTM"}, {"id": 147, "name": "Guinea", "code": "GIN"}, {"id": 146, "name": "Guyana", "code": "GUY"}, {"id": 139, "name": "Honduras", "code": "HND"}, {"id": 138, "name": "Hungary", "code": "HUN"}, {"id": 137, "name": "India", "code": "IND"}, {"id": 136, "name": "Indonesia", "code": "IDN"}, {"id": 135, "name": "Iran", "code": "IRN"}, {"id": 134, "name": "Iraq", "code": "IRQ"}, {"id": 8, "name": "Italy", "code": "ITA"}, {"id": 132, "name": "Jamaica", "code": "JAM"}, {"id": 14, "name": "Japan", "code": "JPN"}, {"id": 130, "name": "Jordan", "code": "JOR"}, {"id": 131, "name": "Kazakhstan", "code": "KAZ"}, {"id": 129, "name": "Kenya", "code": "KEN"}, {"id": 126, "name": "Kyrgyzstan", "code": "KGZ"}, {"id": 124, "name": "Lebanon", "code": "LBN"}, {"id": 120, "name": "Libya", "code": "LBY"}, {"id": 210, "name": "Luxembourg", "code": "LUX"}, {"id": 118, "name": "Madagascar", "code": "MDG"}, {"id": 117, "name": "Malawi", "code": "MWI"}, {"id": 116, "name": "Malaysia", "code": "MYS"}, {"id": 115, "name": "Mali", "code": "MLI"}, {"id": 113, "name": "Mexico", "code": "MEX"}, {"id": 111, "name": "Moldova", "code": "MDA"}, {"id": 110, "name": "Morocco", "code": "MAR"}, {"id": 109, "name": "Mozambique", "code": "MOZ"}, {"id": 142, "name": "Myanmar", "code": "MMR"}, {"id": 108, "name": "Namibia", "code": "NAM"}, {"id": 107, "name": "Nepal", "code": "NPL"}, {"id": 5, "name": "Netherlands", "code": "NLD"}, {"id": 106, "name": "New Zealand", "code": "NZL"}, {"id": 105, "name": "Nicaragua", "code": "NIC"}, {"id": 104, "name": "Niger", "code": "NER"}, {"id": 103, "name": "Nigeria", "code": "NGA"}, {"id": 66, "name": "North Macedonia", "code": "MKD"}, {"id": 101, "name": "Pakistan", "code": "PAK"}, {"id": 100, "name": "Panama", "code": "PAN"}, {"id": 99, "name": "Papua New Guinea", "code": "PNG"}, {"id": 98, "name": "Paraguay", "code": "PRY"}, {"id": 97, "name": "Peru", "code": "PER"}, {"id": 96, "name": "Philippines", "code": "PHL"}, {"id": 11, "name": "Poland", "code": "POL"}, {"id": 95, "name": "Portugal", "code": "PRT"}, {"id": 92, "name": "Romania", "code": "ROU"}, {"id": 12, "name": "Russia", "code": "RUS"}, {"id": 91, "name": "Rwanda", "code": "RWA"}, {"id": 90, "name": "Saudi Arabia", "code": "SAU"}, {"id": 89, "name": "Senegal", "code": "SEN"}, {"id": 268, "name": "Serbia and Montenegro", "code": "OWID_SRM"}, {"id": 85, "name": "Slovakia", "code": "SVK"}, {"id": 83, "name": "Slovenia", "code": "SVN"}, {"id": 81, "name": "South Africa", "code": "ZAF"}, {"id": 127, "name": "South Korea", "code": "KOR"}, {"id": 9, "name": "Spain", "code": "ESP"}, {"id": 141, "name": "Sri Lanka", "code": "LKA"}, {"id": 79, "name": "Sudan", "code": "SDN"}, {"id": 234, "name": "Suriname", "code": "SUR"}, {"id": 7, "name": "Switzerland", "code": "CHE"}, {"id": 77, "name": "Syria", "code": "SYR"}, {"id": 76, "name": "Tajikistan", "code": "TJK"}, {"id": 64, "name": "Tanzania", "code": "TZA"}, {"id": 75, "name": "Thailand", "code": "THA"}, {"id": 74, "name": "Togo", "code": "TGO"}, {"id": 73, "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "code": "TTO"}, {"id": 70, "name": "Turkey", "code": "TUR"}, {"id": 68, "name": "Uganda", "code": "UGA"}, {"id": 67, "name": "Ukraine", "code": "UKR"}, {"id": 13, "name": "United States", "code": "USA"}, {"id": 63, "name": "Uruguay", "code": "URY"}, {"id": 238, "name": "Venezuela", "code": "VEN"}, {"id": 84, "name": "Vietnam", "code": "VNM"}, {"id": 355, "name": "World", "code": "OWID_WRL"}, {"id": 61, "name": "Yemen", "code": "YEM"}, {"id": 60, "name": "Zambia", "code": "ZMB"}, {"id": 80, "name": "Zimbabwe", "code": "ZWE"}]}}, "origins": [{"id": 552, "title": "Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management", "producer": "Mueller et al.", "citationFull": "Mueller, N., Gerber, J., Johnston, M. et al. (2012) - Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. Nature 490, 254-257. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420", "urlMain": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11420", "urlDownload": "https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature11420/MediaObjects/41586_2012_BFnature11420_MOESM38_ESM.xls", "dateAccessed": "2024-03-26", "datePublished": "2012-08-29", "license": {"url": "https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?title=Closing%20yield%20gaps%20through%20nutrient%20and%20water%20management&author=Nathaniel%20D.%20Mueller%20et%20al&contentID=10.1038%2Fnature11420&copyright=Springer%20Nature%20Limited&publication=0028-0836&publicationDate=2012-08-29&publisherName=SpringerNature&orderBeanReset=true", "name": "Copyright \u00a9 2012, Springer Nature Limited"}}, {"id": 3279, "title": "Long-term corn yields in United States", "producer": "USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)", "citationFull": "National Agricultural Statistics Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/NASS) - Long-term corn yields in United States (2024).", "attributionShort": "USDA/NASS", "urlMain": "https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/", "dateAccessed": "2025-03-26", "datePublished": "2024-03-25", "license": {"url": "https://www.nass.usda.gov/Data_and_Statistics/Citation_Request/index.php", "name": "Public domain"}}, {"id": 6814, "title": "Production: Crops and livestock products", "description": "Crop and livestock statistics are recorded for 278 products, covering the following categories:\n\n1) Crops primary: Cereals, Citrus Fruit, Fibre Crops, Fruit, Oil Crops, Oil Crops and Cakes in Oil Equivalent, Pulses, Roots and Tubers, Sugar Crops, Treenuts and Vegetables. Data are expressed in terms of area harvested, production quantity and yield. Area and production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed or silage or used for grazing are therefore excluded.\n\n2) Crops processed: Beer of barley; Cotton lint; Cottonseed; Margarine, short; Molasses; Oil, coconut (copra); Oil, cottonseed; Oil, groundnut; Oil, linseed; Oil, maize; Oil, olive, virgin; Oil, palm; Oil, palm kernel; Oil, rapeseed; Oil, safflower; Oil, sesame; Oil, soybean; Oil, sunflower; Palm kernels; Sugar Raw Centrifugal; Wine.\n\n3) Live animals: Animals live n.e.s.; Asses; Beehives; Buffaloes; Camelids, other; Camels; Cattle; Chickens; Ducks; Geese and guinea fowls; Goats; Horses; Mules; Pigeons, other birds; Pigs; Rabbits and hares; Rodents, other; Sheep; Turkeys.\n\n4) Livestock primary: Beeswax; Eggs (various types); Hides buffalo, fresh; Hides, cattle, fresh; Honey, natural; Meat (ass, bird nes, buffalo, camel, cattle, chicken, duck, game, goat, goose and guinea fowl, horse, mule, Meat nes, meat other camelids, Meat other rodents, pig, rabbit, sheep, turkey); Milk (buffalo, camel, cow, goat, sheep); Offals, nes; Silk-worm cocoons, reelable; Skins (goat, sheep); Snails, not sea; Wool, greasy.\n\n5) Livestock processed: Butter (of milk from sheep, goat, buffalo, cow); Cheese (of milk from goat, buffalo, sheep, cow milk); Cheese of skimmed cow milk; Cream fresh; Ghee (cow and buffalo milk); Lard; Milk (dry buttermilk, skimmed condensed, skimmed cow, skimmed dried, skimmed evaporated, whole condensed, whole dried, whole evaporated); Silk raw; Tallow; Whey (condensed and dry); Yoghurt.", "producer": "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations", "citationFull": "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Production: Crops and livestock products (2025).", "attribution": "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2025)", "attributionShort": "UN FAO", "urlMain": "http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL", "urlDownload": "https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip", "dateAccessed": "2025-03-17", "datePublished": "2025-02-27", "license": {"url": "http://www.fao.org/contact-us/terms/db-terms-of-use/en", "name": "CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO"}}]}