{"id": 1015453, "name": "Per capita CO\u2082 emissions from international flights, international tourism-adjusted", "unit": "kilograms", "createdAt": "2025-03-11T15:22:00.000Z", "updatedAt": "2026-04-02T17:38:54.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "2013-2024", "datasetId": 6993, "shortUnit": "kg", "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "int_inb_out_per_capita", "catalogPath": "grapher/oecd/2025-03-11/co2_air_transport/co2_air_transport#int_inb_out_per_capita", "descriptionShort": "International aviation emissions are allocated to the country of departure, then [adjusted for tourism](#dod:tourism-adjusted).", "descriptionProcessing": "- CO\u2082 emission footprints do not necessarily reflect the amount of travel by locals in a given location. This is especially true if a country has high tourist volumes - much of the departures will result from travellers rather than local residents.\n\n- We have therefore also calculated 'adjusted' aviation footprints by multiplying international CO\u2082 emissions by an adjustment factor.\n\n- This adjustment factor is taken as the ratio between outbound and inbound tourist trips.\n\n- A high ratio of outbound-to-inbound tourist trips indicates that a country receives less visitors than its residents travel abroad. This results in a relatively lower burden of emissions from international flights being allocated to the country whose residents don't travel internationally as frequently.", "type": "float", "dataChecksum": "14200118385111608833", "metadataChecksum": "2825953817293285398", "datasetName": "Air transport CO2 emissions (experimental)", "updatePeriodDays": 365, "datasetVersion": "2025-03-11", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"unit": "kilograms", "shortUnit": "kg", "numDecimalPlaces": 0}, "schemaVersion": 2, "processingLevel": "minor", "presentation": {"topicTagsLinks": ["Tourism"]}, "descriptionKey": ["This data isn\u2019t seasonally adjusted\u2014summer travel increases emissions, but the actual impact may be lower as Northern Hemisphere plants absorb more CO\u2082 during this time."], "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2016}, {"id": 2017}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2019}, {"id": 2020}, {"id": 2021}, {"id": 2022}, {"id": 2023}, {"id": 2024}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 273, "name": "Africa", "code": "OWID_AFR"}, {"id": 16, "name": "Albania", "code": "ALB"}, {"id": 21, "name": "Argentina", "code": "ARG"}, {"id": 22, "name": "Armenia", "code": "ARM"}, {"id": 275, "name": "Asia", "code": "OWID_ASI"}, {"id": 24, "name": "Austria", "code": "AUT"}, {"id": 25, "name": "Azerbaijan", "code": "AZE"}, {"id": 27, "name": "Bahrain", "code": "BHR"}, {"id": 28, "name": "Bangladesh", "code": "BGD"}, {"id": 30, "name": "Belarus", "code": "BLR"}, {"id": 4, "name": "Belgium", "code": "BEL"}, {"id": 33, "name": "Bhutan", "code": "BTN"}, {"id": 34, "name": "Bolivia", "code": "BOL"}, {"id": 37, "name": "Brazil", "code": "BRA"}, {"id": 39, "name": "Bulgaria", "code": "BGR"}, {"id": 42, "name": "Cambodia", "code": "KHM"}, {"id": 44, "name": "Canada", "code": "CAN"}, {"id": 172, "name": "Chile", "code": "CHL"}, {"id": 171, "name": "China", "code": "CHN"}, {"id": 170, "name": "Colombia", "code": "COL"}, {"id": 199, "name": "Cook Islands", "code": "COK"}, {"id": 166, "name": "Costa Rica", "code": "CRI"}, {"id": 165, "name": "Croatia", "code": "HRV"}, {"id": 164, "name": "Cuba", "code": "CUB"}, {"id": 163, "name": "Cyprus", "code": "CYP"}, {"id": 162, "name": "Czechia", "code": "CZE"}, {"id": 167, "name": "Democratic Republic of Congo", "code": "COD"}, {"id": 161, "name": "Denmark", "code": "DNK"}, {"id": 160, "name": "Dominican Republic", "code": "DOM"}, {"id": 259, "name": "El Salvador", "code": "SLV"}, {"id": 156, "name": "Estonia", "code": "EST"}, {"id": 78, "name": "Eswatini", "code": "SWZ"}, {"id": 158, "name": "Ethiopia", "code": "ETH"}, {"id": 276, "name": "Europe", "code": "OWID_EUR"}, {"id": 202, "name": "Fiji", "code": "FJI"}, {"id": 155, "name": "Finland", "code": "FIN"}, {"id": 3, "name": "France", "code": "FRA"}, {"id": 152, "name": "Georgia", "code": "GEO"}, {"id": 6, "name": "Germany", "code": "DEU"}, {"id": 150, "name": "Ghana", "code": "GHA"}, {"id": 149, "name": "Greece", "code": "GRC"}, {"id": 148, "name": "Guatemala", "code": "GTM"}, {"id": 139, "name": "Honduras", "code": "HND"}, {"id": 138, "name": "Hungary", "code": "HUN"}, {"id": 207, "name": "Iceland", "code": "ISL"}, {"id": 137, "name": "India", "code": "IND"}, {"id": 136, "name": "Indonesia", "code": "IDN"}, {"id": 135, "name": "Iran", "code": "IRN"}, {"id": 133, "name": "Israel", "code": "ISR"}, {"id": 8, "name": "Italy", "code": "ITA"}, {"id": 130, "name": "Jordan", "code": "JOR"}, {"id": 131, "name": "Kazakhstan", "code": "KAZ"}, {"id": 122, "name": "Latvia", "code": "LVA"}, {"id": 119, "name": "Lithuania", "code": "LTU"}, {"id": 210, "name": "Luxembourg", "code": "LUX"}, {"id": 117, "name": "Malawi", "code": "MWI"}, {"id": 212, "name": "Malta", "code": "MLT"}, {"id": 213, "name": "Mauritius", "code": "MUS"}, {"id": 113, "name": "Mexico", "code": "MEX"}, {"id": 111, "name": "Moldova", "code": "MDA"}, {"id": 110, "name": "Morocco", "code": "MAR"}, {"id": 107, "name": "Nepal", "code": "NPL"}, {"id": 5, "name": "Netherlands", "code": "NLD"}, {"id": 106, "name": "New Zealand", "code": "NZL"}, {"id": 105, "name": "Nicaragua", "code": "NIC"}, {"id": 294, "name": "North America", "code": "OWID_NAM"}, {"id": 66, "name": "North Macedonia", "code": "MKD"}, {"id": 102, "name": "Norway", "code": "NOR"}, {"id": 277, "name": "Oceania", "code": "OWID_OCE"}, {"id": 217, "name": "Oman", "code": "OMN"}, {"id": 100, "name": "Panama", "code": "PAN"}, {"id": 98, "name": "Paraguay", "code": "PRY"}, {"id": 97, "name": "Peru", "code": "PER"}, {"id": 96, "name": "Philippines", "code": "PHL"}, {"id": 11, "name": "Poland", "code": "POL"}, {"id": 95, "name": "Portugal", "code": "PRT"}, {"id": 92, "name": "Romania", "code": "ROU"}, {"id": 239, "name": "Samoa", "code": "WSM"}, {"id": 90, "name": "Saudi Arabia", "code": "SAU"}, {"id": 233, "name": "Seychelles", "code": "SYC"}, {"id": 87, "name": "Sierra Leone", "code": "SLE"}, {"id": 86, "name": "Singapore", "code": "SGP"}, {"id": 83, "name": "Slovenia", "code": "SVN"}, {"id": 295, "name": "South America", "code": "OWID_SAM"}, {"id": 9, "name": "Spain", "code": "ESP"}, {"id": 141, "name": "Sri Lanka", "code": "LKA"}, {"id": 10, "name": "Sweden", "code": "SWE"}, {"id": 7, "name": "Switzerland", "code": "CHE"}, {"id": 198, "name": "Taiwan", "code": "TWN"}, {"id": 64, "name": "Tanzania", "code": "TZA"}, {"id": 75, "name": "Thailand", "code": "THA"}, {"id": 74, "name": "Togo", "code": "TGO"}, {"id": 73, "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "code": "TTO"}, {"id": 71, "name": "Tunisia", "code": "TUN"}, {"id": 70, "name": "Turkey", "code": "TUR"}, {"id": 237, "name": "Tuvalu", "code": "TUV"}, {"id": 68, "name": "Uganda", "code": "UGA"}, {"id": 67, "name": "Ukraine", "code": "UKR"}, {"id": 72, "name": "United Arab Emirates", "code": "ARE"}, {"id": 1, "name": "United Kingdom", "code": "GBR"}, {"id": 13, "name": "United States", "code": "USA"}, {"id": 63, "name": "Uruguay", "code": "URY"}, {"id": 221, "name": "Vanuatu", "code": "VUT"}, {"id": 238, "name": "Venezuela", "code": "VEN"}]}}, "origins": [{"id": 3074, "title": "Air transport CO2 emissions (experimental)", "description": "This database provides annual, quarterly and monthly estimates for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from commercial passenger, freight and general aviation flights. The emissions are estimated for 186 countries by the OECD, based on a consistent methodology across countries. From 2019, the estimates are compiled using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) flight data from the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).\n\nThe database provides measures of CO2 emissions on a territory basis, which is used for reporting in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) inventories; and also on a residence basis, which is used to estimate the emissions of air transport (H51 in the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, or ISIC) in the Air Emission Accounts (AEAs).\n\nSeven components of these CO2 emissions measures can be selected from the \u2018Emissions \u2019 filter. In the tables, these are also shown with the letters A, B, C, D, E, F and G. The UNFCCC inventories and AEA air transport (ISIC H51) measures of CO2 emissions are calculated as:\nInventories: domestic aviation = A + C\nInventories: international aviation (memo item) = D + G\nAir emissions accounts: air transport (ISIC H51) = A + B + D + E + F\nThree categories of flight are shown on the database: total flights, passenger flights, and freight flights. General aviation (non-freight flights with fewer than 19 passengers such as agricultural planes and private jets) is included with passenger flights.\n\nThe estimation methodology is described in the OECD Working Paper CO2 Emissions from Air Transport - A Near-Real-Time Global Database for Policy Analysis. and in the note Air transport CO2 emissions methodology update.", "producer": "OECD", "citationFull": "OECD (2025). OECD Data Explorer. Air transport CO2 emissions (experimental).", "urlMain": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=DisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_AIR_TRANSPORT%40DF_AIR_TRANSPORT&df[ag]=OECD.SDD.NAD.SEEA&dq=W%2BZWE%2BZMB%2BYEM%2BVNM%2BVEN%2BVUT%2BUZB%2BURY%2BARE%2BUKR%2BUGA%2BTUV%2BTKM%2BTUN%2BTTO%2BTON%2BTGO%2BTLS%2BTHA%2BTZA%2BTJK%2BSYR%2BTWN%2BSUR%2BSDN%2BLKA%2BSSD%2BZAF%2BSOM%2BSLB%2BSXM%2BSLE%2BSGP%2BSYC%2BSRB%2BSEN%2BSAU%2BSTP%2BSMR%2BWSM%2BVCT%2BLCA%2BKNA%2BRWA%2BRUS%2BROU%2BQAT%2BPHL%2BPER%2BPRY%2BPNG%2BPAN%2BPLW%2BPAK%2BOMN%2BMKD%2BNGA%2BNIU%2BNIC%2BNER%2BNRU%2BNPL%2BNAM%2BMMR%2BMOZ%2BMAR%2BMNE%2BMNG%2BMCO%2BMDA%2BFSM%2BMUS%2BMRT%2BMHL%2BMLT%2BMLI%2BMDV%2BMYS%2BMWI%2BMDG%2BMAC%2BLBY%2BLBR%2BLSO%2BLBN%2BLAO%2BKWT%2BKGZ%2BXKV%2BKIR%2BKEN%2BKAZ%2BJOR%2BJEY%2BJAM%2BIRQ%2BIDN%2BIRN%2BIND%2BHKG%2BHND%2BHTI%2BGUY%2BGNB%2BGIN%2BGTM%2BGRD%2BGHA%2BGEO%2BGMB%2BGAB%2BFJI%2BETH%2BSWZ%2BERI%2BGNQ%2BSLV%2BEGY%2BECU%2BDOM%2BDMA%2BCOD%2BDJI%2BPRK%2BCYP%2BCUB%2BHRV%2BCIV%2BCOK%2BCOG%2BCCK%2BCOM%2BCXR%2BCHN%2BTCD%2BCAF%2BCMR%2BKHM%2BCPV%2BBDI%2BBFA%2BBGR%2BBRN%2BBRA%2BBWA%2BBIH%2BBOL%2BBTN%2BBEN%2BBLZ%2BBLR%2BBRB%2BBGD%2BBHR%2BBHS%2BAZE%2BARM%2BARG%2BATG%2BAGO%2BDZA%2BALB%2BAFG%2BWXOECD%2BOECD%2BUSA%2BGBR%2BTUR%2BCHE%2BSWE%2BESP%2BSVN%2BSVK%2BPRT%2BPOL%2BNOR%2BNZL%2BNLD%2BMEX%2BLUX%2BLTU%2BLVA%2BKOR%2BJPN%2BITA%2BISR%2BIRL%2BISL%2BGRC%2BHUN%2BDEU%2BFIN%2BEST%2BDNK%2BCZE%2BCRI%2BCOL%2BCHL%2BBEL%2BCAN%2BAUT%2BAUS%2BFRA.M.....P.RES_TOTAL%2BTER_INT%2BTER_DOM%2BRES_ABROAD%2BNRES_TERR%2BNRES_INT_FROM%2BRES_INT_OUT%2BRES_INT_TO%2BRES_INT_FROM%2BNRES_DOM_IN%2BRES_DOM_OUT%2BRES_DOM_IN.&pd=2013-01%2C2024-12&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&ly[cl]=TIME_PERIOD&ly[rw]=EMISSIONS_SOURCE%2CCOMBINED_UNIT_MEASURE%2CREF_AREA&vw=tb&format=csvfilewithlabels", "urlDownload": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD.SEEA,DSD_AIR_TRANSPORT@DF_AIR_TRANSPORT,/all?dimensionAtObservation=AllDimensions&format=csvfilewithlabels", "dateAccessed": "2025-03-11", "datePublished": "2025-02-25", "license": {"url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html", "name": "OECD Terms of Conditions"}}, {"id": 12453, "title": "UN Tourism Statistics Database", "description": "UN World Tourism Organization collects data from countries through annual questionnaires that follow the International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics (IRTS 2008) standard, a framework approved by the United Nations. The data covers various aspects of tourism, such as inbound tourism (including arrivals by region, main purpose, and mode of transport, as well as accommodation and tourism expenditure in the country), domestic tourism (including trips and accommodation), outbound tourism (including departures and tourism expenditure in other countries), tourism industries (such as accommodation in hotels and similar establishments), and employment (including the number of employees in tourism industries).", "producer": "UN Tourism", "citationFull": "\"World Tourism Organization (2025). UN Tourism Statistics Database, Madrid. Data updated on 23 December 2025. More information: https://www.untourism.int/tourism-statistics/tourism-statistics-database\"", "urlMain": "https://www.untourism.int/tourism-statistics/tourism-statistics-database", "urlDownload": "https://pre-webunwto.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2025-12/UN_Tourism_bulk_data_download_12_2025.zip", "dateAccessed": "2026-01-21", "datePublished": "2025-12-29", "license": {"url": "https://www.unwto.org/copyright", "name": "\u00a9 UNWTO, 92844/14/23"}}, {"id": 14278, "title": "Population", "description": "Our World in Data builds and maintains a long-run dataset on population by country, region, and for the world, based on various sources.\n\nYou can find more information on these sources and how our time series is constructed on this page: https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources", "producer": "Various sources", "citationFull": "The long-run data on population is based on various sources, described on this page: https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources", "attribution": "Population based on various sources (2024)", "attributionShort": "Population", "urlMain": "https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources", "dateAccessed": "2026-03-31", "datePublished": "2024-07-15", "license": {"url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "name": "CC BY 4.0"}}]}