{"id": 1208030, "name": "Total merchandise trade as share of GDP (Fouquin and Hugot (CEPII 2016, National Data))", "unit": "", "createdAt": "2026-03-10T10:33:53.000Z", "updatedAt": "2026-03-10T10:33:53.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1827-2014", "datasetId": 7750, "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "total_merchandise_trade_as_share_of_gdp__fouquin_and_hugot__cepii_2016__national_data", "catalogPath": "grapher/trade/2018-02-06/total_merchandise_trade_as_share_of_gdp__fouquin_and_hugot__cepii_2016__split/total_merchandise_trade_as_share_of_gdp__fouquin_and_hugot__cepii_2016__split#total_merchandise_trade_as_share_of_gdp__fouquin_and_hugot__cepii_2016__national_data", "type": "float", "datasetName": "Total merchandise trade as share of GDP (Fouquin and Hugot (CEPII 2016)) (split)", "datasetVersion": "2018-02-06", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {}, "schemaVersion": 1, "presentation": {}, "source": {"id": 31514, "name": "Fouquin and Hugot (CEPII 2016)", "dataPublishedBy": "Michel Fouquin & Jules Hugot , 2016. \"Two Centuries of Bilateral Trade and Gravity Data: 1827-2014,\" CEPII Working Paper 2016- 14 , May 2016 , CEPII", "dataPublisherSource": "", "link": "http://www.cepii.fr/cepii/en/bdd_modele/presentation.asp?id=32", "retrievedDate": "2018-02-06", "additionalInfo": "Fouquin and Hugot (CEPII 2016) have compiled aggregate country-year export trade data. A number of sources are consulted in compiling these figures; the top three sources are the IMF (2002 and 2015) (19,026 observations); Mitchell (2007a,b,c) (11,705 observations); and the World Bank (2015) (3,030 observations). For further information see Table 6, page 18 of Fouquin and Hugot (CEPII 2016)'s working paper at: http://www.cepii.fr/PDF_PUB/wp/2016/wp2016-14.pdf\n\nTo calculate export trade as a share of GDP, aggregate country-year export data (in nominal British pounds) has been divided by Fouquin and Hugot (CEPII 2016) nominal GDP data, and multiplied by 100.\n\nAndorra has been dropped as it had very sparse coverage; 3 observations for the years 1993,1994,1996."}, "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1827}, {"id": 1828}, {"id": 1829}, {"id": 1830}, {"id": 1831}, {"id": 1832}, {"id": 1833}, {"id": 1834}, {"id": 1835}, {"id": 1836}, {"id": 1837}, {"id": 1838}, {"id": 1839}, {"id": 1840}, {"id": 1841}, {"id": 1842}, {"id": 1843}, {"id": 1844}, {"id": 1845}, {"id": 1846}, {"id": 1847}, {"id": 1848}, {"id": 1849}, {"id": 1850}, {"id": 1851}, {"id": 1852}, {"id": 1853}, {"id": 1854}, {"id": 1855}, {"id": 1856}, {"id": 1857}, {"id": 1858}, {"id": 1859}, {"id": 1860}, {"id": 1861}, {"id": 1862}, {"id": 1863}, {"id": 1864}, {"id": 1865}, {"id": 1866}, {"id": 1867}, {"id": 1868}, {"id": 1869}, {"id": 1870}, {"id": 1871}, {"id": 1872}, {"id": 1873}, {"id": 1874}, {"id": 1875}, {"id": 1876}, {"id": 1877}, {"id": 1878}, {"id": 1879}, {"id": 1880}, {"id": 1881}, {"id": 1882}, {"id": 1883}, {"id": 1884}, {"id": 1885}, {"id": 1886}, {"id": 1887}, {"id": 1888}, {"id": 1889}, {"id": 1890}, {"id": 1891}, {"id": 1892}, {"id": 1893}, {"id": 1894}, {"id": 1895}, {"id": 1896}, {"id": 1897}, {"id": 1898}, {"id": 1899}, {"id": 1900}, {"id": 1901}, {"id": 1902}, {"id": 1903}, {"id": 1904}, {"id": 1905}, {"id": 1906}, {"id": 1907}, {"id": 1908}, {"id": 1909}, {"id": 1910}, {"id": 1911}, {"id": 1912}, {"id": 1913}, {"id": 1914}, {"id": 1915}, {"id": 1916}, {"id": 1917}, {"id": 1918}, {"id": 1919}, {"id": 1920}, {"id": 1921}, {"id": 1922}, {"id": 1923}, {"id": 1924}, {"id": 1925}, {"id": 1926}, {"id": 1927}, {"id": 1928}, {"id": 1929}, {"id": 1930}, {"id": 1931}, {"id": 1932}, {"id": 1933}, {"id": 1934}, {"id": 1935}, {"id": 1936}, {"id": 1937}, {"id": 1938}, {"id": 1939}, {"id": 1940}, {"id": 1941}, {"id": 1942}, {"id": 1943}, {"id": 1944}, {"id": 1945}, {"id": 1946}, {"id": 1947}, {"id": 1948}, {"id": 1949}, {"id": 1950}, {"id": 1951}, {"id": 1952}, {"id": 1953}, {"id": 1954}, {"id": 1955}, {"id": 1956}, {"id": 1957}, {"id": 1958}, {"id": 1959}, {"id": 1960}, {"id": 1961}, {"id": 1962}, {"id": 1963}, {"id": 1964}, {"id": 1965}, {"id": 1966}, {"id": 1967}, {"id": 1968}, {"id": 1969}, {"id": 1970}, {"id": 1971}, {"id": 1972}, {"id": 1973}, {"id": 1974}, {"id": 1975}, {"id": 1976}, {"id": 1977}, {"id": 1978}, {"id": 1979}, {"id": 1980}, {"id": 1981}, {"id": 1982}, {"id": 1983}, {"id": 1984}, {"id": 1985}, {"id": 1986}, {"id": 1987}, {"id": 1988}, {"id": 1989}, {"id": 1990}, {"id": 1991}, {"id": 1992}, {"id": 1993}, {"id": 1994}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 1996}, {"id": 1997}, {"id": 1998}, {"id": 1999}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2001}, {"id": 2002}, {"id": 2003}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2005}, {"id": 2006}, {"id": 2007}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2010}, {"id": 2011}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 23, "name": "Australia", "code": "AUS"}, {"id": 172, "name": "Chile", "code": "CHL"}, {"id": 161, "name": "Denmark", "code": "DNK"}, {"id": 3, "name": "France", "code": "FRA"}, {"id": 95, "name": "Portugal", "code": "PRT"}, {"id": 9, "name": "Spain", "code": "ESP"}, {"id": 1, "name": "United Kingdom", "code": "GBR"}, {"id": 13, "name": "United States", "code": "USA"}, {"id": 10, "name": "Sweden", "code": "SWE"}, {"id": 102, "name": "Norway", "code": "NOR"}, {"id": 5, "name": "Netherlands", "code": "NLD"}, {"id": 4, "name": "Belgium", "code": "BEL"}, {"id": 170, "name": "Colombia", "code": "COL"}, {"id": 149, "name": "Greece", "code": "GRC"}, {"id": 155, "name": "Finland", "code": "FIN"}, {"id": 37, "name": "Brazil", "code": "BRA"}, {"id": 8, "name": "Italy", "code": "ITA"}, {"id": 171, "name": "China", "code": "CHN"}, {"id": 44, "name": "Canada", "code": "CAN"}, {"id": 14, "name": "Japan", "code": "JPN"}, {"id": 106, "name": "New Zealand", "code": "NZL"}, {"id": 63, "name": "Uruguay", "code": "URY"}, {"id": 6, "name": "Germany", "code": "DEU"}, {"id": 21, "name": "Argentina", "code": "ARG"}, {"id": 7, "name": "Switzerland", "code": "CHE"}, {"id": 65, "name": "Egypt", "code": "EGY"}, {"id": 39, "name": "Bulgaria", "code": "BGR"}, {"id": 113, "name": "Mexico", "code": "MEX"}, {"id": 164, "name": "Cuba", "code": "CUB"}, {"id": 198, "name": "Taiwan", "code": "TWN"}, {"id": 81, "name": "South Africa", "code": "ZAF"}, {"id": 127, "name": "South Korea", "code": "KOR"}, {"id": 136, "name": "Indonesia", "code": "IDN"}, {"id": 148, "name": "Guatemala", "code": "GTM"}, {"id": 80, "name": "Zimbabwe", "code": "ZWE"}, {"id": 24, "name": "Austria", "code": "AUT"}, {"id": 139, "name": "Honduras", "code": "HND"}, {"id": 138, "name": "Hungary", "code": "HUN"}, {"id": 2, "name": "Ireland", "code": "IRL"}, {"id": 132, "name": "Jamaica", "code": "JAM"}, {"id": 166, "name": "Costa Rica", "code": "CRI"}, {"id": 142, "name": "Myanmar", "code": "MMR"}, {"id": 201, "name": "Ecuador", "code": "ECU"}, {"id": 259, "name": "El Salvador", "code": "SLV"}, {"id": 97, "name": "Peru", "code": "PER"}, {"id": 145, "name": "Haiti", "code": "HTI"}, {"id": 100, "name": "Panama", "code": "PAN"}, {"id": 96, "name": "Philippines", "code": "PHL"}, {"id": 75, "name": "Thailand", "code": "THA"}, {"id": 60, "name": "Zambia", "code": "ZMB"}, {"id": 141, "name": "Sri Lanka", "code": "LKA"}, {"id": 34, "name": "Bolivia", "code": "BOL"}, {"id": 160, "name": "Dominican Republic", "code": "DOM"}, {"id": 158, "name": "Ethiopia", "code": "ETH"}, {"id": 207, "name": "Iceland", "code": "ISL"}, {"id": 137, "name": "India", "code": "IND"}, {"id": 135, "name": "Iran", "code": "IRN"}, {"id": 134, "name": "Iraq", "code": "IRQ"}, {"id": 133, "name": "Israel", "code": "ISR"}, {"id": 121, "name": "Liberia", "code": "LBR"}, {"id": 116, "name": "Malaysia", "code": "MYS"}, {"id": 105, "name": "Nicaragua", "code": "NIC"}, {"id": 101, "name": "Pakistan", "code": "PAK"}, {"id": 98, "name": "Paraguay", "code": "PRY"}, {"id": 11, "name": "Poland", "code": "POL"}, {"id": 92, "name": "Romania", "code": "ROU"}, {"id": 90, "name": "Saudi Arabia", "code": "SAU"}, {"id": 77, "name": "Syria", "code": "SYR"}, {"id": 70, "name": "Turkey", "code": "TUR"}, {"id": 238, "name": "Venezuela", "code": "VEN"}, {"id": 17, "name": "Algeria", "code": "DZA"}, {"id": 163, "name": "Cyprus", "code": "CYP"}, {"id": 167, "name": "Democratic Republic of Congo", "code": "COD"}, {"id": 202, "name": "Fiji", "code": "FJI"}, {"id": 150, "name": "Ghana", "code": "GHA"}, {"id": 124, "name": "Lebanon", "code": "LBN"}, {"id": 118, "name": "Madagascar", "code": "MDG"}, {"id": 103, "name": "Nigeria", "code": "NGA"}, {"id": 185, "name": "West Germany", "code": "OWID_GFR"}, {"id": 16, "name": "Albania", "code": "ALB"}, {"id": 213, "name": "Mauritius", "code": "MUS"}, {"id": 73, "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "code": "TTO"}, {"id": 130, "name": "Jordan", "code": "JOR"}, {"id": 110, "name": "Morocco", "code": "MAR"}, {"id": 40, "name": "Burkina Faso", "code": "BFA"}, {"id": 117, "name": "Malawi", "code": "MWI"}, {"id": 68, "name": "Uganda", "code": "UGA"}, {"id": 168, "name": "Congo", "code": "COG"}, {"id": 129, "name": "Kenya", "code": "KEN"}, {"id": 79, "name": "Sudan", "code": "SDN"}, {"id": 64, "name": "Tanzania", "code": "TZA"}, {"id": 84, "name": "Vietnam", "code": "VNM"}, {"id": 15, "name": "Afghanistan", "code": "AFG"}, {"id": 153, "name": "Gabon", "code": "GAB"}, {"id": 43, "name": "Cameroon", "code": "CMR"}, {"id": 128, "name": "North Korea", "code": "PRK"}, {"id": 32, "name": "Benin", "code": "BEN"}, {"id": 89, "name": "Senegal", "code": "SEN"}, {"id": 26, "name": "Bahamas", "code": "BHS"}, {"id": 31, "name": "Belize", "code": "BLZ"}, {"id": 194, "name": "Bermuda", "code": "BMU"}, {"id": 36, "name": "Botswana", "code": "BWA"}, {"id": 41, "name": "Burundi", "code": "BDI"}, {"id": 42, "name": "Cambodia", "code": "KHM"}, {"id": 174, "name": "Central African Republic", "code": "CAF"}, {"id": 173, "name": "Chad", "code": "TCD"}, {"id": 143, "name": "Cote d'Ivoire", "code": "CIV"}, {"id": 78, "name": "Eswatini", "code": "SWZ"}, {"id": 146, "name": "Guyana", "code": "GUY"}, {"id": 144, "name": "Hong Kong", "code": "HKG"}, {"id": 123, "name": "Lesotho", "code": "LSO"}, {"id": 120, "name": "Libya", "code": "LBY"}, {"id": 115, "name": "Mali", "code": "MLI"}, {"id": 114, "name": "Mauritania", "code": "MRT"}, {"id": 107, "name": "Nepal", "code": "NPL"}, {"id": 104, "name": "Niger", "code": "NER"}, {"id": 99, "name": "Papua New Guinea", "code": "PNG"}, {"id": 91, "name": "Rwanda", "code": "RWA"}, {"id": 230, "name": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "code": "VCT"}, {"id": 233, "name": "Seychelles", "code": "SYC"}, {"id": 87, "name": "Sierra Leone", "code": "SLE"}, {"id": 86, "name": "Singapore", "code": "SGP"}, {"id": 234, "name": "Suriname", "code": "SUR"}, {"id": 74, "name": "Togo", "code": "TGO"}, {"id": 71, "name": "Tunisia", "code": "TUN"}, {"id": 159, "name": "Equatorial Guinea", "code": "GNQ"}, {"id": 208, "name": "Kuwait", "code": "KWT"}, {"id": 212, "name": "Malta", "code": "MLT"}, {"id": 38, "name": "Brunei", "code": "BRN"}, {"id": 203, "name": "French Polynesia", "code": "PYF"}, {"id": 151, "name": "Gambia", "code": "GMB"}, {"id": 220, "name": "New Caledonia", "code": "NCL"}, {"id": 217, "name": "Oman", "code": "OMN"}, {"id": 29, "name": "Barbados", "code": "BRB"}, {"id": 195, "name": "Solomon Islands", "code": "SLB"}, {"id": 147, "name": "Guinea", "code": "GIN"}, {"id": 125, "name": "Laos", "code": "LAO"}, {"id": 205, "name": "Greenland", "code": "GRL"}, {"id": 94, "name": "Guinea-Bissau", "code": "GNB"}, {"id": 204, "name": "Kiribati", "code": "KIR"}, {"id": 226, "name": "Qatar", "code": "QAT"}, {"id": 227, "name": "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "code": "KNA"}, {"id": 27, "name": "Bahrain", "code": "BHR"}, {"id": 28, "name": "Bangladesh", "code": "BGD"}, {"id": 72, "name": "United Arab Emirates", "code": "ARE"}, {"id": 19, "name": "Angola", "code": "AGO"}, {"id": 45, "name": "Cape Verde", "code": "CPV"}, {"id": 109, "name": "Mozambique", "code": "MOZ"}, {"id": 232, "name": "Sao Tome and Principe", "code": "STP"}, {"id": 235, "name": "Tonga", "code": "TON"}, {"id": 20, "name": "Antigua and Barbuda", "code": "ATG"}, {"id": 200, "name": "Dominica", "code": "DMA"}, {"id": 206, "name": "Grenada", "code": "GRD"}, {"id": 154, "name": "Djibouti", "code": "DJI"}, {"id": 239, "name": "Samoa", "code": "WSM"}, {"id": 229, "name": "Saint Lucia", "code": "LCA"}, {"id": 221, "name": "Vanuatu", "code": "VUT"}, {"id": 33, "name": "Bhutan", "code": "BTN"}, {"id": 169, "name": "Comoros", "code": "COM"}, {"id": 211, "name": "Maldives", "code": "MDV"}, {"id": 108, "name": "Namibia", "code": "NAM"}, {"id": 262, "name": "Macao", "code": "MAC"}, {"id": 112, "name": "Mongolia", "code": "MNG"}, {"id": 237, "name": "Tuvalu", "code": "TUV"}, {"id": 61, "name": "Yemen", "code": "YEM"}, {"id": 25, "name": "Azerbaijan", "code": "AZE"}, {"id": 30, "name": "Belarus", "code": "BLR"}, {"id": 157, "name": "Eritrea", "code": "ERI"}, {"id": 152, "name": "Georgia", "code": "GEO"}, {"id": 126, "name": "Kyrgyzstan", "code": "KGZ"}, {"id": 111, "name": "Moldova", "code": "MDA"}, {"id": 12, "name": "Russia", "code": "RUS"}, {"id": 22, "name": "Armenia", "code": "ARM"}, {"id": 162, "name": "Czechia", "code": "CZE"}, {"id": 66, "name": "North Macedonia", "code": "MKD"}, {"id": 85, "name": "Slovakia", "code": "SVK"}, {"id": 219, "name": "Aruba", "code": "ABW"}, {"id": 35, "name": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "code": "BIH"}, {"id": 131, "name": "Kazakhstan", "code": "KAZ"}, {"id": 223, "name": "Marshall Islands", "code": "MHL"}, {"id": 76, "name": "Tajikistan", "code": "TJK"}, {"id": 69, "name": "Turkmenistan", "code": "TKM"}, {"id": 67, "name": "Ukraine", "code": "UKR"}, {"id": 62, "name": "Uzbekistan", "code": "UZB"}, {"id": 165, "name": "Croatia", "code": "HRV"}, {"id": 156, "name": "Estonia", "code": "EST"}, {"id": 122, "name": "Latvia", "code": "LVA"}, {"id": 119, "name": "Lithuania", "code": "LTU"}, {"id": 83, "name": "Slovenia", "code": "SVN"}, {"id": 250, "name": "Faroe Islands", "code": "FRO"}, {"id": 224, "name": "Palau", "code": "PLW"}, {"id": 210, "name": "Luxembourg", "code": "LUX"}, {"id": 35355, "name": "Micronesia", "code": null}, {"id": 225, "name": "East Timor", "code": "TLS"}, {"id": 215, "name": "Montenegro", "code": "MNE"}]}}, "origins": []}