{"id": 1207161, "name": "Top marginal income tax rate (Reynolds (2008))", "unit": "%", "description": "1979; 1990; 2002", "createdAt": "2026-03-06T11:06:30.000Z", "updatedAt": "2026-03-06T11:06:30.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1979-2002", "datasetId": 7586, "shortUnit": "%", "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "top_marginal_income_tax_rate__reynolds__2008", "catalogPath": "grapher/economics/2016-09-22/top_marginal_income_tax_rate__reynolds__2008/top_marginal_income_tax_rate__reynolds__2008#top_marginal_income_tax_rate__reynolds__2008", "type": "int", "datasetName": "Top marginal income tax rate \u2013 Reynolds (2008)", "datasetVersion": "2016-09-22", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"unit": "%", "shortUnit": "%"}, "schemaVersion": 1, "presentation": {}, "source": {"id": 31306, "name": "Reynolds (2008)", "dataPublishedBy": "Alan Reynolds. \"Marginal Tax Rates.\"\u00a0The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics.\u00a02008. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved September 22, 2016 from the World Wide Web: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/MarginalTaxRates.html", "dataPublisherSource": "", "link": "http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/MarginalTaxRates.html", "retrievedDate": "2016-09-22", "additionalInfo": "Hong Kong\u2019s maximum tax (the \u201cstandard rate\u201d) has normally been 15 percent, effectively capping the marginal rate at high income levels (in exchange for no personal exemptions). The highest U.S. tax rate of 39.6 percent after 1993 was reduced to 38.6 percent in 2002 and to 35 percent in 2003."}, "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1979}, {"id": 1990}, {"id": 2002}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 21, "name": "Argentina", "code": "ARG"}, {"id": 23, "name": "Australia", "code": "AUS"}, {"id": 24, "name": "Austria", "code": "AUT"}, {"id": 4, "name": "Belgium", "code": "BEL"}, {"id": 34, "name": "Bolivia", "code": "BOL"}, {"id": 36, "name": "Botswana", "code": "BWA"}, {"id": 37, "name": "Brazil", "code": "BRA"}, {"id": 7375, "name": "Canada (Ontario)", "code": null}, {"id": 172, "name": "Chile", "code": "CHL"}, {"id": 170, "name": "Colombia", "code": "COL"}, {"id": 161, "name": "Denmark", "code": "DNK"}, {"id": 65, "name": "Egypt", "code": "EGY"}, {"id": 155, "name": "Finland", "code": "FIN"}, {"id": 3, "name": "France", "code": "FRA"}, {"id": 6, "name": "Germany", "code": "DEU"}, {"id": 149, "name": "Greece", "code": "GRC"}, {"id": 148, "name": "Guatemala", "code": "GTM"}, {"id": 144, "name": "Hong Kong", "code": "HKG"}, {"id": 138, "name": "Hungary", "code": "HUN"}, {"id": 137, "name": "India", "code": "IND"}, {"id": 136, "name": "Indonesia", "code": "IDN"}, {"id": 135, "name": "Iran", "code": "IRN"}, {"id": 2, "name": "Ireland", "code": "IRL"}, {"id": 133, "name": "Israel", "code": "ISR"}, {"id": 8, "name": "Italy", "code": "ITA"}, {"id": 132, "name": "Jamaica", "code": "JAM"}, {"id": 14, "name": "Japan", "code": "JPN"}, {"id": 116, "name": "Malaysia", "code": "MYS"}, {"id": 213, "name": "Mauritius", "code": "MUS"}, {"id": 113, "name": "Mexico", "code": "MEX"}, {"id": 5, "name": "Netherlands", "code": "NLD"}, {"id": 106, "name": "New Zealand", "code": "NZL"}, {"id": 102, "name": "Norway", "code": "NOR"}, {"id": 101, "name": "Pakistan", "code": "PAK"}, {"id": 96, "name": "Philippines", "code": "PHL"}, {"id": 95, "name": "Portugal", "code": "PRT"}, {"id": 93, "name": "Puerto Rico", "code": "PRI"}, {"id": 86, "name": "Singapore", "code": "SGP"}, {"id": 127, "name": "South Korea", "code": "KOR"}, {"id": 9, "name": "Spain", "code": "ESP"}, {"id": 10, "name": "Sweden", "code": "SWE"}, {"id": 75, "name": "Thailand", "code": "THA"}, {"id": 73, "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "code": "TTO"}, {"id": 70, "name": "Turkey", "code": "TUR"}, {"id": 1, "name": "United Kingdom", "code": "GBR"}, {"id": 13, "name": "United States", "code": "USA"}, {"id": 12, "name": "Russia", "code": "RUS"}]}}, "origins": []}