{"id": 1077626, "name": "Solar (TWh - equivalent)", "unit": "terawatt-hours", "createdAt": "2025-07-17T11:28:36.000Z", "updatedAt": "2025-07-17T11:28:36.000Z", "coverage": "", "timespan": "1965-2024", "datasetId": 7156, "shortUnit": "TWh", "columnOrder": 0, "shortName": "solar__twh__equivalent", "catalogPath": "grapher/energy/2025-06-27/energy_mix/energy_mix#solar__twh__equivalent", "descriptionShort": "Measured in [terawatt-hours](#dod:watt-hours), using the [substitution method](#dod:substitutionmethod).", "descriptionProcessing": "* Primary energy consumption is expressed in input-equivalents (using the [substitution method](#dod:substitutionmethod)). For nuclear, hydro, solar, and wind, we divide gross electricity generation by a time-dependent thermal efficiency factor (around 41% in recent years). This represents the average efficiency of fossil fuel power plants globally and reflects the amount of fuel that would have been required to produce the same electricity in such plants. This approach follows the methodology used by the Statistical Review of World Energy up to the 2024 release. In 2025, the Statistical Review switched to the Physical Energy Content method to calculate Total Energy Supply. For now, we continue to use the substitution method to maintain consistency across our articles and charts.", "type": "float", "datasetName": "Energy mix", "updatePeriodDays": 365, "datasetVersion": "2025-06-27", "nonRedistributable": false, "display": {"name": "Solar", "unit": "terawatt-hours", "shortUnit": "TWh"}, "schemaVersion": 2, "processingLevel": "major", "presentation": {"titlePublic": "Primary energy consumption from solar power", "titleVariant": "Using the substitution method", "topicTagsLinks": ["Energy"]}, "descriptionKey": ["Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply.", "Primary energy is measured using the \"substitution method\" (also called \"input-equivalent\" primary energy). This method is used for non-fossil sources of electricity (namely renewables and nuclear), and measures the amount of fossil fuels that would be required by thermal power stations to generate the same amount of non-fossil electricity.\nFor example, if a country's nuclear power generated 100 TWh of electricity, and assuming that the efficiency of a standard thermal power plant is 38%, the input-equivalent primary energy for this country would be 100 TWh / 0.38 = 263 TWh = 0.95 EJ. This input-equivalent primary energy takes account of the inefficiencies in energy production from fossil fuels and provides a better approximation of each source's share of energy consumption. You can find more details in [the Statistical Review of World Energy's methodology document](https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/1055541/Methodology.pdf)."], "dimensions": {"years": {"values": [{"id": 1965}, {"id": 1966}, {"id": 1967}, {"id": 1968}, {"id": 1969}, {"id": 1970}, {"id": 1971}, {"id": 1972}, {"id": 1973}, {"id": 1974}, {"id": 1975}, {"id": 1976}, {"id": 1977}, {"id": 1978}, {"id": 1979}, {"id": 1980}, {"id": 1981}, {"id": 1982}, {"id": 1983}, {"id": 1984}, {"id": 1985}, {"id": 1986}, {"id": 1987}, {"id": 1988}, {"id": 1989}, {"id": 1990}, {"id": 1991}, {"id": 1992}, {"id": 1993}, {"id": 1994}, {"id": 1995}, {"id": 1996}, {"id": 1997}, {"id": 1998}, {"id": 1999}, {"id": 2000}, {"id": 2001}, {"id": 2002}, {"id": 2003}, {"id": 2004}, {"id": 2005}, {"id": 2006}, {"id": 2007}, {"id": 2008}, {"id": 2009}, {"id": 2010}, {"id": 2011}, {"id": 2012}, {"id": 2013}, {"id": 2014}, {"id": 2015}, {"id": 2016}, {"id": 2017}, {"id": 2018}, {"id": 2019}, {"id": 2020}, {"id": 2021}, {"id": 2022}, {"id": 2023}, {"id": 2024}]}, "entities": {"values": [{"id": 273, "name": "Africa", "code": null}, {"id": 367024, "name": "Africa (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 17, "name": "Algeria", "code": "DZA"}, {"id": 21, "name": "Argentina", "code": "ARG"}, {"id": 275, "name": "Asia", "code": null}, {"id": 367029, "name": "Asia Pacific (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 23, "name": "Australia", "code": "AUS"}, {"id": 24, "name": "Austria", "code": "AUT"}, {"id": 25, "name": "Azerbaijan", "code": "AZE"}, {"id": 28, "name": "Bangladesh", "code": "BGD"}, {"id": 30, "name": "Belarus", "code": "BLR"}, {"id": 4, "name": "Belgium", "code": "BEL"}, {"id": 37, "name": "Brazil", "code": "BRA"}, {"id": 39, "name": "Bulgaria", "code": "BGR"}, {"id": 367031, "name": "CIS (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 44, "name": "Canada", "code": "CAN"}, {"id": 367034, "name": "Central America (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 172, "name": "Chile", "code": "CHL"}, {"id": 171, "name": "China", "code": "CHN"}, {"id": 170, "name": "Colombia", "code": "COL"}, {"id": 165, "name": "Croatia", "code": "HRV"}, {"id": 163, "name": "Cyprus", "code": "CYP"}, {"id": 162, "name": "Czechia", "code": "CZE"}, {"id": 161, "name": "Denmark", "code": "DNK"}, {"id": 367021, "name": "Eastern Africa (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 201, "name": "Ecuador", "code": "ECU"}, {"id": 65, "name": "Egypt", "code": "EGY"}, {"id": 156, "name": "Estonia", "code": "EST"}, {"id": 276, "name": "Europe", "code": null}, {"id": 367017, "name": "Europe (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 115117, "name": "European Union (27)", "code": null}, {"id": 155, "name": "Finland", "code": "FIN"}, {"id": 3, "name": "France", "code": "FRA"}, {"id": 6, "name": "Germany", "code": "DEU"}, {"id": 149, "name": "Greece", "code": "GRC"}, {"id": 457, "name": "High-income countries", "code": null}, {"id": 144, "name": "Hong Kong", "code": "HKG"}, {"id": 138, "name": "Hungary", "code": "HUN"}, {"id": 207, "name": "Iceland", "code": "ISL"}, {"id": 137, "name": "India", "code": "IND"}, {"id": 136, "name": "Indonesia", "code": "IDN"}, {"id": 135, "name": "Iran", "code": "IRN"}, {"id": 134, "name": "Iraq", "code": "IRQ"}, {"id": 2, "name": "Ireland", "code": "IRL"}, {"id": 133, "name": "Israel", "code": "ISR"}, {"id": 8, "name": "Italy", "code": "ITA"}, {"id": 14, "name": "Japan", "code": "JPN"}, {"id": 131, "name": "Kazakhstan", "code": "KAZ"}, {"id": 208, "name": "Kuwait", "code": "KWT"}, {"id": 122, "name": "Latvia", "code": "LVA"}, {"id": 119, "name": "Lithuania", "code": "LTU"}, {"id": 460, "name": "Lower-middle-income countries", "code": null}, {"id": 210, "name": "Luxembourg", "code": "LUX"}, {"id": 116, "name": "Malaysia", "code": "MYS"}, {"id": 113, "name": "Mexico", "code": "MEX"}, {"id": 367023, "name": "Middle Africa (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 367032, "name": "Middle East (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 110, "name": "Morocco", "code": "MAR"}, {"id": 5, "name": "Netherlands", "code": "NLD"}, {"id": 106, "name": "New Zealand", "code": "NZL"}, {"id": 367030, "name": "Non-OECD (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 294, "name": "North America", "code": null}, {"id": 367020, "name": "North America (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 66, "name": "North Macedonia", "code": "MKD"}, {"id": 102, "name": "Norway", "code": "NOR"}, {"id": 367028, "name": "OECD (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 277, "name": "Oceania", "code": null}, {"id": 217, "name": "Oman", "code": "OMN"}, {"id": 371743, "name": "Other Asia Pacific (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 371735, "name": "Other CIS (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 371733, "name": "Other Caribbean (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 371736, "name": "Other Europe (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 371742, "name": "Other Middle East (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 371741, "name": "Other Northern Africa (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 371739, "name": "Other South America (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 371737, "name": "Other Southern Africa (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 101, "name": "Pakistan", "code": "PAK"}, {"id": 97, "name": "Peru", "code": "PER"}, {"id": 96, "name": "Philippines", "code": "PHL"}, {"id": 11, "name": "Poland", "code": "POL"}, {"id": 95, "name": "Portugal", "code": "PRT"}, {"id": 226, "name": "Qatar", "code": "QAT"}, {"id": 92, "name": "Romania", "code": "ROU"}, {"id": 12, "name": "Russia", "code": "RUS"}, {"id": 90, "name": "Saudi Arabia", "code": "SAU"}, {"id": 86, "name": "Singapore", "code": "SGP"}, {"id": 85, "name": "Slovakia", "code": "SVK"}, {"id": 83, "name": "Slovenia", "code": "SVN"}, {"id": 81, "name": "South Africa", "code": "ZAF"}, {"id": 295, "name": "South America", "code": null}, {"id": 127, "name": "South Korea", "code": "KOR"}, {"id": 367025, "name": "South and Central America (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 9, "name": "Spain", "code": "ESP"}, {"id": 141, "name": "Sri Lanka", "code": "LKA"}, {"id": 10, "name": "Sweden", "code": "SWE"}, {"id": 7, "name": "Switzerland", "code": "CHE"}, {"id": 198, "name": "Taiwan", "code": "TWN"}, {"id": 75, "name": "Thailand", "code": "THA"}, {"id": 73, "name": "Trinidad and Tobago", "code": "TTO"}, {"id": 70, "name": "Turkey", "code": "TUR"}, {"id": 69, "name": "Turkmenistan", "code": "TKM"}, {"id": 270, "name": "USSR", "code": "OWID_USS"}, {"id": 67, "name": "Ukraine", "code": "UKR"}, {"id": 72, "name": "United Arab Emirates", "code": "ARE"}, {"id": 1, "name": "United Kingdom", "code": "GBR"}, {"id": 13, "name": "United States", "code": "USA"}, {"id": 459, "name": "Upper-middle-income countries", "code": null}, {"id": 62, "name": "Uzbekistan", "code": "UZB"}, {"id": 238, "name": "Venezuela", "code": "VEN"}, {"id": 84, "name": "Vietnam", "code": "VNM"}, {"id": 367022, "name": "Western Africa (EI)", "code": null}, {"id": 355, "name": "World", "code": "OWID_WRL"}]}}, "origins": [{"id": 6798, "titleSnapshot": "Statistical Review of World Energy - Key data", "title": "Statistical Review of World Energy", "description": "The Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy analyses data on world energy markets from the prior year.", "producer": "Energy Institute", "citationFull": "Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025).", "attribution": "Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025)", "attributionShort": "Energy Institute", "urlMain": "https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review/", "urlDownload": "https://www.energyinst.org/__data/assets/excel_doc/0008/1656215/EI-Stats-Review-ALL-data.xlsx", "dateAccessed": "2025-06-27", "datePublished": "2025-06-26", "license": {"url": "https://www.energyinst.org/terms", "name": "\u00a9 Energy Institute 2025"}}]}